 目录摘要
1.3ω法测量流体的导热系数
葛树林， 杨决宽， 陈 震， 陈敏华， 陈云飞
（东南大学机械工程学院教育部MEMS重点实验室，江苏 南京 211189）
摘 要：3ω法已成功应用于体态、薄膜等材料导热系数的测量，但还很少应用于流体领域。由于3ω法具有良好的测试性能，为此尝试将此法用于流体导热系数的测量。自行研制了流体导热系数的测量装置，采用锁相放大器获取3ω电压与频率的关系，并借助最小二乘法，算出待测试样的导热系数。通过对10＃变压器油和去离子水等流体试样的测量，实验误差控制在5％之内，表明本实验具有一定的可行性。
关键词：3ω法；流体；导热系数；温度振动
中图分类号：TB941 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0001-04
Thermal conductivity of fluids measured with 3ω method
GE Shu-lin， YANG Jue-kuan， CHEN Zhen， CHEN Min-hua， CHEN Yun-fei
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Key Laboratory of Educational Ministry，Southeast University，Nanjing 211189，China）
Abstract: While successfully used in measuring the thermal properties of solid material, such as bulk samples and thin films， 3ω method is seldom applied to the fluid. Due to its good performance， the 3ω method is tried to measure the thermal conductivity of the fluid in this paper. Using the home made device， the relationship between the 3ω voltage and the heating frequency is obtained by Lock-in Amplifier， thus the thermal conductivity of the fluid is calculated with the least square fit method. From the results of 10# transformer oil and deionized water， the error is limited to 5%， which indicates the definite feasibility of the experiment.
Key words: 3ω voltage； Fluid； Thermal conductivity； Temperature fluctuation
2.井斜实时测量方法研究
刘白雁， 王新宇， 杜勇刚， 郑登科
（武汉科技大学机械自动化学院，湖北 武汉 430081）
摘 要：介绍了用重力加速度传感器进行井斜实时测量的方法，阐述了重力加速度传感器的工作原理及其测量井斜的算法，从理论角度分析了实钻中严重干扰井斜信号的因素——噪声、钻具的振动和随机转动，其中噪声和振动信号可采用低通滤波器滤除，而转动使加速度计因离心力产生的测量信号失真，则可通过诸如转速补偿之类的修正去除。经专门的实验装置验证此井斜测量方法和信号处理方法可进行较高精度的井斜实时测量，为高精度的井斜控制奠定了基础。
关键词：自动垂直钻井；井斜；实时测量；低通滤波器；重力加速度传感器
中图分类号：TD174 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0005-04
Study on real-time well inclination measurement
LIU Bai-yan， WANG Xin-yu， DU Yong-gang， ZHENG Deng-ke
（College of Machinery and Automation，Wuhan University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430081，China）
Abstract: This article introduced the approach to measure the inclination with accelerometer sensors dynamically during drilling including the operation principle of accelerometer sensors and the arithmetic to measure the inclination. The factors to distort the inclination measurement data seriously were analyzed theoretically, such as noises, the vibration and random rotation of drilling tools. Generally speaking, the noises and vibrations can be eliminated from the inclination measures by using low-pass filter, but the centrifugal force caused by drilling tool rotation, which will distort the accelerometer outputs, can be revised owing to the rotation speed compensation. The approach to measure the inclination and process corresponding information introduced in the paper are verified to be of high precision by professional experiment facilities and lay a foundation for controlling inclination during drilling with high precision.
Key words: Automatic vertical drilling; Well inclination; Real-time measurements; Low-pass filter; Gravity accelerometer
3.基于虚拟仪器技术的滚动轴承故障诊断的包络分析
潘 飞1， 秦树人2， 柏 林2
（1.重庆交通科研设计院，重庆 400067；2.重庆大学测试中心，重庆 400044）
摘 要：分析了滚动轴承典型故障产生机理及其故障特征频率，利用Hilbert变换的包络分析法分析滚动轴承故障特征的思想，并且结合现代虚拟仪器技术设计并开发出实用的齿轮箱滚动轴承故障诊断系统。该诊断系统是我们自主开发的VMIDS系统基础上开发出的智能控件化虚拟式滚动轴承故障诊断系统，在成功完成故障信息提取的同时，能降低系统的成本。
关键词：虚拟仪器；故障诊断；包络；滚动轴承
中图分类号：TP311.52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0009-04
Envelope analysis for rolling bearings faults based on virtual instrument technology
PAN Fei1， QIN Shu-ren2， BO Lin2
（1.Chongqing Communication Research and Design Institute，Chongqing 400067，China；
2.Test Center，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China）
Abstract: This paper analyzed the principle and characteristic frequency of typical faults of rolling bearings and proposed a diagnosis system for rolling bearings faults which combine modern virtual instrument technology and thought of analyzing rolling bearings faults through Hilbert transform envelop analysis method. This system based on VMIDS, which was developed by Test Center of Chongqing University and can successfully extract faults information as well as cut off the cost of system.
Key words: Virtual instrument; Diagnosis; Envelope; Rolling bearing
4.小波多分辨率分析在激光扫描回波信号处理中的应用
陈金令1，2， 谢德林1， 陈洪斌1， 罗 剑1，2， 石 川1，2
（1.中国科学院光电技术研究所，四川 成都 610209；2.中国科学院研究生院，北京 100039）
摘 要：小波变换具有表征信号局部特征的能力，适于分析信号中的瞬态和奇异现象，并可展示其成份,所以采用小波多分辨率分析方法对激光回波弱信号进行处理。利用这种方法,可以有效消除噪声,提取有用的信号。结果证明小波多分辨率分析对于激光回波信号处理十分有效,提高了信号分析的准确性。
关键词：小波变换；多分辨率分析；直接探测；回波信号；信号特征
中图分类号：TP391.77 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0013-03
Application of wavelet multi-resolution analysis in echo signal processing of the laser rapid scanning
CHEN Jin-ling1，2， XIE De-lin1， CHEN Hong-bin1， LUO Jian1，2， SHI Chuan1，2
（1.Institute of Optics and Electronics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Chengdu 610209，China；
2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100039，China）
Abstract: Wavelet transform has the ability of denoting local signal characteristics, so it is often use to analyze instantaneous and fantastic phenomena. In this method, noise can be eliminated and effective signals can be picked up. When applying the wavelet transform to the experiments, a satisfying result was obtained. With this method, the ability of edge detection can be greatly improved.
Key words: Wavelet transform； Multi-resolution analysis; Direct detection; Echo signal; Signal characteristics
5.高温固定点的国际研究趋势与发展
陈桂生
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：长期以来,在接触测温学、非接触测温学和辐射度学领域对铜凝固点（1084.62℃）以上高性能温度固定点有着迫切的需求。随着高温金属（碳化物）-碳共晶熔点的发现，这个需求将很快得到满足。本文简要介绍了高温金属（碳化物）-碳共晶固定点的国际研究计划，这个研究的目的是用新的定义替代当前温标ITS-90在银点（961.78℃）以上的定义，使不确定度比当前温标低5-10倍。
关键词：ITS-90；温标；高温固定点；金属-碳共晶点；辐射测温法；校准；复现性；不确定度
中图分类号：TB942 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0016-04
Trend and development of international research for high temperature fixed-points
CHEN Gui-sheng
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technologe，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: There has been an urgent requirement for high performance fixed-point above the copper freezing point(1084.62℃),in contact thermometry， non-contact thermometry and radiometry for a long term. With the discovery of high temperature metal (carbide)-carbon (M(C)-C) eutectic melting points, this requirement will soon be met. This paper briefly introduced the research project for high temperature metal (carbide)-carbon (M(C)-C) eutectic fixed-points in the world. The purpose of the research is to substitute the current definition of ITS-90 above the silver point(961.78℃) with a new definition, make uncertainty 5-10 times lower than present temperature scale.
Key words: ITS-90； Temperature scale; High performance fixed-point; Metal-carbon（M-C） eutectic points; Radiation thermometry; Calibration; Reproducibility; Uncertainty
6.电流互感器标准装置分析
唐国民， 秦富祥， 刘崇高
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：电流互感器在电力系统中应用较广，仅针对应用于电能计量中的电流互感器的检定校准过程进行分析。在明确与此相关的名词述语的基础上，分析检定电流互感器的原理方法，建立了测量电流互感器比值误差和相位误差的数学模型。以0.2S级电流互感器作为例子，对额定电流的1%、5%、20%、100%、120%下数据进行分析，得出了对应的不确定度。
关键词：电流互感器；比值误差；相位误差；数学模型；测量不确定度
中图分类号：TB971 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0020-06
Analysis for current transformers standard
TANG Guo-ming， QIN Fu-xiang， LIU Chong-gao
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: Current transformers are widely used in electric system. In this passage, the authors only analyzed the verification and check procedure of current transformers, which were used in measurement of electricity. On the basis of having defined the related technical terms, they analyzed the method of checking to current transformers and established the mathematical model to measuring the ratio error & phase displacement of current transformers. Take the class 0.2S of current transformers for example, they analyzed the data under rated current 1%、5%、20%、100%、120%，then completed the corresponding measurement uncertainty evaluation.
Key words: Current transformers; Ratio error; Phase displacement; Mathematical model; Measurement uncertainty
7.动态汽车衡动态称量过程中的若干问题及对策
龚万选
（自贡市计量测试研究所，四川 自贡 643000）
摘 要：从动态汽车衡的构成及工作原理出发，依据国家检定规程的相关规定，详细地分析了动态汽车衡在进行动态称量时，因称量对象运动冲击性和运行速度等因素而产生的若干问题的原因，揭示了动态称重的复杂性和可变性，并针对各项问题的原因提出了切实可行的应对策略。这些分析和对策，对具体从事动态汽车衡检定的专业技术人员及即将在全国全面开展的车辆计重收费工作具有一定的参考价值。
关键词：动态汽车衡；动态称量；静态称量；问题；对策。
中图分类号：TH715.1+2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0026-04
Dynamic weighing problems and countermeasures of dynamic truck scale
GONG Wan-xuan
（Zigong Institute of Metrology and Testing，Zigong 643000，China）
Abstract: According to costitution and principle of dynamic truck scale plus related stipulations of national verification regulation, problems encountered in dynamic weighing of it and caused by campaing blow, velocity and other factors of measurement objects were detail analyzed. Those problems showed that dynamic weighing was very complex and variable. Against reasons for those problems, practical countermeasures of dynamic weighing were proposed. It is very important to understand those reasons and countermeasures for professional and technical presonnel engaged in verifying dynamic truck scale, and also valuable for charges task being implemented in whole country according to the weight of vehicle.
Key words: Dynamic truck scale; Dynamic weighing; Static weighing; Problem; Contermeasure
8.汽车起重机臂梁声发射检测技术初探
田建军, 万 夫，邓勇刚, 喻 婷, 谭竞芳
（四川石油管理局安全环保质量监督检测研究院 四川 广汉 618300）
摘 要：汽车起重机臂梁在长期的使用过程中，受交变负荷、压力等载荷作用，疲劳破坏导致各种缺陷，使其安全性下降。传统的无损检测方法费时、费力，而且在汽车起重机臂梁的检测中难于施行。声发射检测可以预测到由未知不连续活动缺陷引起系统的灾难性失效，通过加载、放置探头在起重机臂梁上，可对其整体进行快速的探伤检测。重点分析了汽车起重机臂梁现状，以及将声发射检技术应用于QY8C汽车起重机臂梁检测的方法及其试验结果，并指出在汽车起重机臂梁声发射检测存在的问题。
关键词：起重机；起重机臂梁；声发射检测；评价
中图分类号：TB533+.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0030-03
Application of acoustic emission testing technology in truck crane girder detection
TIAN Jian-jun， WAN Fu， DENG Yong-gang， YU ting， TAN Jing-fang
（Environmental Safety and Quality Supervision Detection Institute of Sichuan Petroleum Administration，Guanghang 618300，China）
Abstract： Many defects of truck crane girder caused by fatigue damage and bearing such as metabolic load, stress, et al. Were produced during long-term working, which would make the security of it reduced. Because those traditional nondestructive testing methods were time-consuming, laborious and difficult to apply on truck crane girder testing some totally new methods were needed. Acoustic emission testing technology could detect system catastrophic failure caused by unknown and discontinuous active defects, so whole flaw detection could be completed rapidly by loading and placing detector on the girder of truck crane. Statuses of truck crane girders, method plus testing results for applying acoustic emission testing techology to QY8C truck crane girder detection were focused on, and some problems of this technology were discussed too.
Key words： Crane； Crane girder; Acoustic emission testing technology; Evaluation
9.CT剂量指数（CTDI）测量研究
郭洪涛1， 刘 勇2， 袁淑华3
（1.北京市计量检测科学研究院，北京 100013；2.东芝三广医疗，北京 100102；3.北京医院，北京 100730）
摘 要：该文章给出了CT剂量指数（CTDI）的定义、以及在临床医学和设备质量控制方面的应用。并对多排螺旋CT中CT剂量指数的物理意义作了特别说明。重点讨论了CT剂量指数（CTDI）的测量原理、方法等相关技术，并且比较了国际电工委员会（IEC）和美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）关于CT剂量指数（CTDI）的定义及计算方法的差异，使读者了解CT剂量指数（CTDI）发展和演变。
关键词：CT；CTDI；剂量指数；测量；质量控制
中图分类号：TH774 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0033-04
Research and measurement on CT dose index
GUO Hong-tao1， LIU Yong2， YUAN Shu-hua3
（1.Beijig Institute of Metrology and Testing，Beijing 100013，China；
2.TOSHBA Sanguang Medical Corporation，Beijing 100102，China；
3.Beijing Hospital，Beijing 100730，China）
Abstract: This article introduces the definition and expression of the computed tomography dose index （CTDI）, the application in the clinical medicine and medicinal equipments testing, especially emphasized the physical meaning of CTDI for Spiro Scanning Computer Tomography and the its measurement. The author also compared the definition of CTDI and the computational formulas used in the CTDI measurement of International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and explained the evolution and evolvement of CTDI.
Key words: Computer tomography； CTDI； Dose index； Measurement； QC
10.水射流特种加工技术应用
李荣钟1， 雷玉勇1， 易北华2
（1.西华大学机械工程与自动化学院，四川 成都 610039；2.中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：高速水射流特种加工是利用具有很高动能的高速（超音速）水射流束来冲蚀材料，从而实现材料切削，属于高能束加工范畴，是一种可与激光、等离子体、电子束加工方法媲美的新型切割加工工具。水射流具有介质成本低、清洁、环境友好，而且对被加工材料无热损伤（被切割材料温度小于100℃）等优点，在许多材料的切割加工、表面处理中，水射流具有其独特的优越性。另一方面，水射流切割无(机械)接触，适应性好、切割表面精度高、切缝窄、材料损耗少、清洁无污染，配合数控执行机构可精确切割加工任意复杂形状工件。高速水射流尤其适用于高硬度、高脆性难加工材料、复合材料、钢筋混凝土、陶瓷、石材等的切割加工。
关键词：水射流；磨料射流；特种加工；精密加工
中图分类号：TP69 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0037-03
Special precise machining technology using high speed water jet
LI Rong-zhong1， LEI Yu-yong1， YI Bei-hua2
（1.School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation，Xihua University，Chengdu 610039，China；
2.National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract： High speed water jet special machining utilizes the beam of water with very high dynamic energy to cut materials, therefore it actually belongs to the machining tool of high energy beam. In many applications, water jet machining has some advantages over the laser, plasma and EDM etc., such as less expensive, environmentally friendly and has no heat affected zone （working temperature less than 100℃）. On the other hand, water jet machining is no contact with parts, flexible, reasonably precise, narrow kerf width, less waste of materials, no contamination, easy to integrate CNC to precisely cut any materials with complicated shapes. Therefore water jet is a good unconventional tool for hard, fragile and very difficult to cut materials, e.g. composite, concrete, ceramics and stone materials etc.
Key words： Water jet； Abrasive water jet; Special machining; Precise machining
11.网络分析仪在变频器件测量中的应用
张 娜， 李 元， 金宝龙
（上海微波设备研究所，上海 201802）
摘 要：网络分析仪为测量变频器件提供了快速而准确的测量方法，根据标量网络分析仪和矢量网络分析仪的测量原理，详细介绍了用标网测量变频器变频损耗的方法，以及用矢网测量变频损耗和相位的方法。分析了两种仪器在测量中的适用范围和优缺点在变频器测量中的优缺点。以正交混频器为例，提供了测量其幅度不平衡和相位不平衡的网络分析仪测量方法；以本振与射频信号频率范围重合的特殊应用为例，介绍了简单准确的测量方法。
关键词：变频器；标量网络分析仪；矢量网络分析仪；幅频特性；相频特性
中图分类号：TN711.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0040-04
Flexible application of network analyzer for measurement of frequency translating devices
ZHANG Na， LI Yuan， JIN Bao-long
（Shanghai Institute of Microwave Equipments，Shanghai 201802，China）
Abstract: Network analyzers provide a method for measurement of frequency translating devices and these methods are more accurate and can save more time. According the principles of scalar network analyzer and vector network analyzer the authors introduced methods to measure conversion loss of frequency translating devices using scalar network analyzer and methods to measure conversion loss and phase using vector network analyzer. They concluded the advantages and disadvantages of them and proposed proper situations for every method. They also gave a quarter mixers as an example and provided measurements for amplitude unbalance and phase unbalance. Simple and accurate measurements were also mentioned as when local oscillator of mixers covers the same frequency range as RF.
Key words: Frequency translating device； Scalar network analyzer； Vector network analyzer； Characteristics of amplitude frequency； Characteristics of phase frequency
12.干井式温度校验器校准方法的研究
赵 晶
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：干井式温度校验器被广泛应用于企业现场和计量实验室，为了评估其性能，就需要计量机构对干井式温度校验器进行校准。但目前我国还没有制订其校准的相关标准和规范。现根据干井式温度校验器的性能特点、测温原理和使用范围，参考国际上采用的校准指南对干井式温度校验器的校准方法进行了研究，主要内容包括温度偏差、温度稳定性、温度均匀性、散热效应和负载影响，并通过校准实例说明该校准方法是切实可行的。
关键词：干井式温度校验器；校准；校准方法；温度偏差；温度稳定性；温度均匀性
中图分类号：TH811 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0044-03
Study on calibration method of dry-well temperature calibrator
ZHAO Jing
（National Insistute of Measurement and Test Technology，Chengdu，610021，China）
Abstract： Dry-well temperature calibrator is extensive used on the scene of enterprise and the metrological laboratory, In order to evaluate its performance, metrological organization needs to carry on the calibration to dry-well temperature calibrator. However at present, our country has not worked out a relevant standards and norm to calibration of dry-well temperature calibrator. The paper based on the function characteristic, temperature measuring principle and range of dry-well temperature calibrator and adooted reference of the international guide in the research of calibration method. The main content included temperature deviation, temperature Stability, temperature Uniformity, stem conduction and loading effect. Experiment shows that the calibration method is practical and feasible
Key words： Dry-well temperature calibrator; Calibration; Calibration method; Temperature deviation; Temperature Stability; Temperature uniformity
13.新型脉冲网络分析仪在T/R组件测试中的应用
蒋晓红
（中航雷达与电子设备研究院，江苏 无锡 214063）
摘 要：论述了新型脉冲矢量网络分析仪窄带检波技术的测试方法和自动控制方法，介绍了实现T/R组件脉冲高功率测试的两种硬件配置。详细论述了网络分析仪接收机中频门设置的原理，总结了中频门的硬件实现方法；并通过数控移相器的测试数据分析了被测件响应时间和中频门延时设置之间的关系，提出了中频门参数的设置方法。这些测试方法成功地应用于有源相控阵雷达T/R组件的测试。
关键词：脉冲矢量网络分析仪；T/R组件；窄带检波；高功率；中频门；自动控制
中图分类号：TP273 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0047-03
Application of new pulse vector network analyzer to T/R module test
JIANG Xiao-hong
（Radar and Avionics Institute of AVIC，Wuxi 214063，China）
Abstract: The test method and the automatic control method of new pulse vector network analyzer using narrowband detection technology are described. Two hardware configurations of T/R module pulse high power test are presented. The principle of setting the IF gate of network analyzer receiver is explained in detail. The hardware method of IF gate is summarized. The relation between DUT respond time and IF gate delay setting is analzyed by test data of numerical control phase shifter. The parameter setting method of IF gate is proposed. These test methods have been applied to the phased array radar’s T/R modules test successfully.
Key words: Pulse vector network analyzer； T/R module； Narrowband detection； High power； IF gate； Automatic control
14.工业铂电阻精确测温的方法
朱育红
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：工业铂电阻具有测温准确，稳定性好等优点。但在实际使用中许多A级铂电阻测温准确度并不高，这主要是因为分度表的选用不当造成的。为满足高精度测量的要求，我们研究了铂电阻的测温特性，给出一种铂电阻精确测温的方法：通过校准确定铂电阻的测温特性，用特性公式计算温度。该方法具有较强的实用性、推广性。
关键词：工业铂电阻；分度表；测温特性；测温准确度；测量方法
中图分类号：TP212.11 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0050-03
An accurate measurement method for platinum resistance
ZHU Yu-hong
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: PRT has many merits such as high measurement accuracy, good stability and so on. However, the accuracy of grade a PRT is not high enough because of the indexing table. For contenting the demands of highly accuracy measurement fields, the author studied the temperature characteristics of PRT and suggested a method of improving the measurement accuracy of PRT by measuring temperature according to the characteristics formula of PRT. This method is practical.
Key words: Industrial PRT; Indexing table; Measurement accuracy； Temperature characteristics； Method of measurement
15.三坐标测量机的数据处理和分析
公茂才
（北汽福田欧曼重卡，北京 101400）
摘 要：数据处理和分析是三坐标测量机应用的核心工作，而基于统计过程控制的SPC技术，则是测量机应用的高级阶段，SPC技术应用的基础性工作是对大量数据的汇总处理。本文提出了一种利用程序方法对数据进行汇总的数学模型和编程思路，结合工作中的经验，对SPC技术的实际应用进行了一些粗浅的探讨。通过使用这些技术和方法，可以实现数据采集、数据处理和数据分析的全程自动化。
关键词：测量机；数据；分析；SPC技术；控制图
中图分类号：TP274+.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0053-03
Data processing and analysis of coordinate measuring machine
GONG Mao-cai
（Beiqi Foton Auman Heavy Truck，Beijing 101400，China）
Abstract： Data processing and analysis is a kernel work of CMM application, and SPC technique based on statistical process control is a high level stage of CMM application, collection for mass data is a foundational task for SPC technique.This paper introduces the mathematical model and some ideas on how to collect data by using of the programming method, and discusses actual application of SPC technique according to working experiment. Using these techniques and methods can realize full automation for data acquisition, data processing and data analysis.
Key words: CMM（coordinate measuring machine）; Data; Analysis; SPC technique; Control chart
16.旋转法测量大半径圆弧样板
刘书林1， 吴昌焱2， 李建川3
（1.中国电子科技集团公司第26研究所，重庆 400060；
2.重庆大江工业集团，重庆 400060；3.中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610061）
摘 要：提出了在万能工具显微镜上采用坐标平移和旋转的“旋转法”代替“弓高弦长法”在圆弧轮廓上进行均匀、多次选点，测量大半径短圆弧样板。简要介绍了“旋转法”的原理、测量方法，并应用“旋转法”实例测量进行误差分析，从而验证了“旋转法”能减小形状误差对测量半径精度的影响，也优于“弓高弦长法”的测量精度，是具体测量大半径圆弧样板活动中的一个实用方法。
关键词：坐标平移旋转；大半径短圆弧样板；测量及计算；万能工具显微镜
中图分类号：TH821 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0056-04
Revolving measurement of large radius arc template
LIU Shu-lin1， WU Chang-yan2， LI Jian-chuan3
（1.No.26 Institute of China Electronics Technology Collective Corporation，Chongqing 400060，China；
2.Dajiang Industry Group，Chongqing 400060，China；
3.National Institute of Measarement and Festing Technology，Chengdu 610061 China）
Abstract: Taking the place of bowstring measuring, revolving method which realizes measurement through translating and revolving of coordinates on universal tool maker’s microscope can be used to measure large radius short arc template by selecting the measuring point along the arc uniformly and repeatedly. Principle, procedure and error analysis example of revolving method were briefly introduced. Those results showed effects of precision in measuring arc radius from form error could be reduced, and the precision of this method was much better than that of bowstring method. Thus, revolving method is an idea choice for measuring large radius arc template.
Key words: Coordinates translation and rotation; Large radius short are template; Measurement and calculation; Universal tool maker’s microscope
17.半主动悬架系统特性及性能分析
易北华， 张 改
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：随着电子技术的飞速发展，电控技术在汽车上得到广泛应用。本文针对传统被动悬架平顺性差，主动悬架成本较高的问题,提出了一种在模糊控制规则下的半主动悬架系统以实现悬架成本与性能的折中,并利用Matlab对该系统进行仿真。结果表明，应用模糊控制的半主动悬架系统可以有效提高汽车的行驶平顺性并降低成本。
关键词：汽车；半主动悬架；模糊控制；仿真
中图分类号：U467.5+23 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0060-03
Analysis of properties of semi-active suspension
YI bei-hua， ZHANG Gai
（National Institute of Measurment and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract： The electronic control technology is widely used on automobile with the development of electronics. This paper discussed the bad riding comfort of traditional suspension and the high cost of active suspensions. A two-degree-freedom vehicle control of the semi-active suspensions was established and a fuzzy controller was designed in order to reach a compromise between the two problems mentioned above. This system was numerically simulated in Matlab. The results show that using fuzzy control can realize the improvement of riding comfort and reduce the cost effectively.
Key words: Vehicle; Semi-active suspension; Fuzzy controller; Simulation
18.有机肥料中水溶性碳的测定方法
范 芳
（江西省农业科学院绿色食品环境检测中心，江西 南昌330200）
摘 要：论述了有机肥料中水溶性碳的测定方法，样品先经去离子水振荡浸提过滤处理，浸提液中的水溶性碳在加热条件下，用过量的重铬酸酸钾-硫酸溶液氧化水溶性有机碳，多余的重铬酸钾用硫酸亚铁标准溶液滴定，由消耗的重铬酸钾量按氧化校正系数计算出有机碳量。结果表明，此法回收率达96.1%~97.7%，变异系数为5.95%～7.4%。该方法操作简便，结果令人满意。
关键词：有机肥；水溶性碳；方法
中图分类号：TQ440.72 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0063-02
Method of detecting water-soluble carbon in organic fertilizer
FAN Fang
（Monitoring Center of Green Food Environment，Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanchang 330200，China）
Abstract: This paper introduced a method of detecting the water-soluble carbon in organic fertilizer. The process was as follows：the sample was dipped in the deionized water and vibrating, filtrating, then the filtrated solution left, in which the water-soluble carbon was oxided by excessive compound solution of potassium bichromate and H2SO4 under the condition of heating. Subsequently, the redundant potassium bichromate was titrated by the standard ferrous sulfate solution, and the content of organic carbon was calculated by the oxide calibration coefficient and the amount of reactive potassium bichromate. The result indicated that the return-ratio reached 96.1%～97.7% and the coefficient of varation was less than 5.95%～7.4% through this method. In addition, the method is simple in operation process and the result is satisfying.
Key words: Organic fertilizer；Water-soluble carbon；Method
19.软开关变换器的设计与仿真研究
茹东生， 姜茂仁
（海军航空工程学院青岛分院，山东 青岛 266041）
摘 要：针对开关电源开关损耗和电磁辐射的问题，建立了一种采用软开关技术的零电压开关(ZVS)PWM变换器的电路，利用PSpice软件对这种变换器进行仿真研究，分析其暂态和稳态时的性能。仿真表明，合理选择器件参数，当软开关变换器电路中L1=0.3mH，L2=3μH，C1=500p时，开关损耗小，造成的电磁干扰小。仿真发现暂态时开关器件承受了较高的电压应力，实际应用时应考虑开关器件安全性。
关键词：软开关；变换器；仿真；输出电压；PWM
中图分类号：TP311.52 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0065-02
Design and simulation research of soft switch converter
RU Dong-sheng， JIANG Mao-ren
（Qingdao Branch，Navy Aeronautical Engineering College，Qingdao 266041，China）
Abstract: Aiming at the question of switch loss and EMI in switch power, a circuit of ZVS PWM converter which use soft switch technology was designed. Simulation research was studied to the converter by PSpice software and analyzed the transient and stable capability of the converter. The simulation result shows that the switching loss and EMI of the soft converter is small by choosing the circuit parameter correctly when the circuit parameter L1=0.3mH，L2=3μH，C1=500p. It also shows that the switch endured upper voltage stress during transient and must be take into account of the switching components security on the time of practical application.
Key words: Soft switch; Converter; Simulation; Output voltage; PWM
20.光伏并网逆变器孤岛检测技术研究
张 东1， 吴俊娟2， 潘 蕾2
（1.秦皇岛港务集团有限公司，河北 秦皇岛 066004；2.燕山大学，河北 秦皇岛 066004）
摘 要：国内的光伏发电技术中，孤岛检测及孤岛保护常常被忽视，而孤岛的发生可能会带来巨大危害，因此，研究孤岛检测及其保护具有重要的现实意义。针对传统过压/欠压、高频/低频孤岛检测方法的不足，结合相位突变检测方法，提出一种组合式孤岛检测方法，并对其进行理论分析和建模。最后，仿真结果验证了提出的孤岛检测方法的快速性和有效性。
关键词：光伏发电；并网逆变器；孤岛检测；孤岛建模；相位突变检测
中图分类号：TM615 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0067-04
Research on islanding detection for photovoltaic grid-connected inverters
ZHANG Dong1， WU Jun-juan2， PAN Lei2
（1.Qinhuangdao Port Group Ltd.，Qinhuangdao 066004，China；
2.Yanshan University，Qinhuangdao 066004，China）
Abstract: The islanding detection and protection are generally ignored in their applications. For islanding may result in calamities, it is necessary to study and analyze the islanding detection and protection methods. Considering the disadvantages of the traditional over/under voltage and over/under frequency detection, a novel hybrid islanding detection method was proposed by integrating the phase jump detection. The theoretical analysis and model for the proposed detection method was carried out. Finally, the simulation results show that the proposed islanding detection method is effective and practical.
Key words: Photovoltaic power； Grid-connected inverter； Islanding detection； Islanding model； Phase jump detection
21.80/29采油井架有限元仿真分析
刘晓嘉1， 田建军2， 万 夫2， 唐枨浩2， 邓勇刚2
（1.四川石油管理局安全环保质量部，四川 成都 610051；2.四川石油局安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉618300）
摘 要：应用井架仿真2000软件系统建立了80/29采油井架模型，进而利用仿真系统对其进行静力、动力特性和稳定性分析。通过计算机实显示现场和实验室都无法实现的多种复杂情况下井架参数变化过程。经过计算分析，井架承载时应力分布规律是：井架下体承载时的应力小于上体承载时的应力；井架最大应力位于缩口处的正背面横梁；仿真分析结果为井架设计人员修改设计方案、检测人员对在用采油井架现场检测提供科学依据。
关键词：采油井架；建模；有限元仿真；静力分析
中图分类号：TP311 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0071-03
Finite element simulation analysis of 80/29 oil derrick
LIU Xiao-jia1， TIAN Jian-jun2， WAN Fu2， TANG Cheng-hao2， DENG Yong-gang2
（1.Safery Environment and Quality Department，Sichuan Petroleum Administration，Chengdu 610051，China；
2.Technique Inspection Academe，Sichuan Petroleum Administration，Guanghang，618300，China）
Abstract： Using derrick simulation analysis 2000 system， 80/29 oil derrick model was established. Static characte-
ristics， dynamic characteristics and stability were analyzed. Derrick parameter changes at many complicated situations were observed by computer， which was impossible in field or laboratory calculation results showed stress of derrick was smaller when bearing weight at the lower part of the body than that at the upper part, and the maximum stress distributed in positive and back crossbeams of necking site. Thus, those simulation analysis results can be used as scientific basis for derrick design staff to revise design and for detection staff to detect oil derrick in field.
Key word： Oil extraction derrick； Established model； Finite element simulation； Static analysis
22.平面可调谐微带天线的设计与仿真
曾 翔， 童 玲
（电子科技大学自动化学院，四川 成都 610054）
摘 要:将铁电材料特别是锶钡钛酸盐（BaxSr1-xTiO3）这类强非线性介质的压电非线性特性[1]应用到微带贴片天线的介质基片上，通过改变基片的等效介电系数εe来实现微带天线的可调谐工作，对此方法进行了可行性研究,给出了理论验证性质的简单设计和仿真结果。
关键词：微带天线；可调谐；铁电膜；仿真；反射系数
中图分类号：TN817 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0074-03
Design and simulation of resonant frequency tunable microsrip antenna
ZHENG Xiang， TONG Lin
（School of Automation Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China）
Abstract:This paper presented a new type tunable antenna which was designed with ferroelectric film materials. Because of the nonlinear dielectric property of the ferroelectric film, the authors could change the resonance frequency of the microstrip antenna by change the relative permittivity of the substrate. Finally gave design examples and used electromagnetic field simulation software to have modeling and simulating works done.
Key words:Microstrip antenna；Tunable；Ferroelectric film；Simulate；Reflectance
23.边界扫描技术在板级可测性设计中的应用
周 杰， 周绍磊， 彭 贤， 雷鸣
（海军航空工程学院控制工程系，山东 烟台 264001）
摘 要：硬件系统的规模越来越大，复杂程度越来越高, 对其进行测试也越来越困难，边界扫描技术很好地解决了传统测试的不足。阐述了JTAG技术的基本原理，从设计方法、优化策略及实现技术等方面，对基于JTAG的PCB可测性设计进行了研究，给出了具体的实现方法，并实现了自动测试系统中数据采集电路板的可测性设计。结果证明该方法有效缩短了测试时间,降低了维修测试费用,具有较大的实用价值。
关键词：电路板；边界扫描；板级测试；可测性设计；JTAG
中图分类号：TP311 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0077-04
Application of boundary scan technique in design of board-level test
ZHOU Jie， ZHOU Shao-lei， PENG Xian， LEI Ming
（Department of Control Engineering，Naval Aeronautical Engineering Academy，Yantai 264001，China）
Abstract: As the scale and complexity of hardware systems increase quickly, test becomes a difficult task. The BST technique can well make up the shortcoming of traditional test techniques. This article presented the basic principle of JTAG technique. The design for test of PCB based on JTAG was researched from designed method, optimization strategy, realization technique and so on. Some concrete implementing methods were given and the realization of the measurability design of the data collection circuit board of an automatic test system was also presented. The result shews that, by using this method, th time of test can be effectively shortened and the cost of maintenance and test can be reduced.
Key words: PCB； Boundary scan； Board level test； Design for test； JTAG
24.四氯化硅中硅含量测定及不确定度评定
郭 峰1，2， 谭 红2， 何锦林2， 曾广铭1，2， 宋光林1，2
（1.贵州大学，贵州 贵阳 550002；2.贵州省理化测试分析研究中心，贵州 贵阳 550001）
摘 要：利用改进的氟硅酸钾容量法测定海绵钛生产工艺中回收四氯化硅中硅含量。采用密封针管取样克服了四氯化硅水解困难，测定范围为5%～85%。同时运用现代统计学理论对影响分析结果的因素进行了讨论分析，通过对方法不确定度的系统分析，确定了方法的标准不确定度±0.31%，扩展不确定度为±0.93%，表明方法的分析过程处于质控状态，结果可靠。
关键词：容量法；四氯化硅；不确定度
中图分类号：TQ016.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0081-04
Uncertainty evaluation of silicon content in silicon tetrachloride by K2SiF6 volumetric method
GUO Feng1，2， TAN Hong2， HE Jin-lin2， ZENG Guang-ming1，2， SONG Guang-lin1，2
（1.Guizhou University，Guiyang 550002，China；
2.Guizhou Research Center of Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis，Guiyang 550001，China）
Abstract: This paper introduced using K2SiF6 Volumetric Method to analyze the content of silicon in silicon tetrachloride recycled from sponge titanium production technology. By using the seal syringe to get the sample and overcoming the silicon tetrachloride hydrolisis, the determination scope was 5%～85%. The factors that affect the results and the uncertainty was discussed by using contemporary statistics and comprehensive analysis. The standard uncertainty is 0.31% and the expansion uncertainty is ±0.93%,which demonstrated it is a reliable method under quanlity control.
Key words: Volumetric method； SiCl4； Uncertainty
25.螺纹环规的中径测量及其不确定度评定
佟 岩
（四川航天计量测试研究所，四川 成都 610000）
摘 要：为了解决螺纹量规检定过程中不能完全覆盖各种螺纹形式的实际问题，根据螺纹检定的三针法及双球法通用原理，应用马尔测长机及其附件，以双球法检测螺纹环规的单一中径为例，详细阐述其测量步骤及注意要点，并对此过程进行不确定度分析评定。实验表明此种检测方法能够满足螺纹环规的正常使用要求，具有测量精度高，操作方便，可信度高特点，为螺纹环规的实际使用提供依据。
关健词：测长机；螺纹环规；中径；测量；不确定度
中图分类号：TH821文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0085-03
Pitch diameter measuring of thread ring gauge and uncertainty evaluation
TONG Yan
（Sichuan of Institute Aerospace Measurement And Testing，Chengdu 610000，China）
Abstract： To solve the problem of that thread gauge verification can not cover all kinds form of the thread gauge, the author measured the pitch diameter of thread ring gauge with mahr length measuring machine and its accessories in “double sphere” method, giving particular steps and notices of measurement by the basic theory of “three-wire” and “double sphere” method. At same time the uncertainty of this method has been evaluated. The experiment indicated that it can meet the requirement of general using of thread ring gauge, having the characteristics of “high measuring precision, convenient operating and high reliability” etc.
Key words: Length measuring machine; Thread ring gauge; Pitch diameter; Measure; Uncertainty assessing
26.火焰原子吸收法测定百合中的微量元素
吴霞明
（甘肃省产品质量监督检验中心，甘肃 兰州 730000）
摘 要：兰州百合含有丰富的营养物质和微量元素。为测定兰州百合中的微量元素（Ca、Zn、Fe、Mn、Mg、K、Cu等）的含量，采用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收法对经过4:1的硝酸-高氯酸消解处理消除相关干扰后的兰州百合进行测定。结果表明：七种元素的回收率在97.1%～102.3%范围内，结果准确可靠，方法简单、快速、重现性好。
关键词：火焰原子吸收法；测定；兰州百合；微量元素；消解；
中图分类号：TH744.14 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0088-03
Determination of microelement in lily by flame atomic absorption method
WU Xia-ming
（Gansu Center of Inspection and Monitoring of Production Quality，Lanzhou 730000，China）
Abstract: The Lanzhou Lily contains redundant nutrient substance and microelements. To determine the content of microelements （Ca，Zn，Fe，Mn，Mg，K，Cu and so on） in the Lanzhou Lily， the author adopted the air-acetylene flame atomic absorption method to determine the content of microelements in the same sample solution after removing relevant interference treatment. As a result, the recoveries of these seven elements （Ca，Zn，Fe，Mn，Mg，K，Cu） are between 97.1%～102.3% respectively. The results are accurate and reliable and this method is simple, fast and good at in reproduction.
Key words: Flame atomic absorption; Determination; Lanzhou lily; Microelement; Digest
27.反射式速调管工作特性的计算机动态模拟及测量
杜 磊
（山西大学物理电子工程学院，山西 太原 030006）
摘 要：讨论了反射式速调管工作特性的计算机动态模拟及实现了速调管工作特性的动态安全、精确测量。利用光电耦合器将速调管反射极高电压线性转换为低电压，同时将驻波测量线测得电场强度的电压值和晶体检波器所测得的反射式速调管输出功率的电压值通过运算放大器线性放大，然后经过模数转换卡采集到微机中，利用软件绘制出速调管的工作特性曲线。同时将测量所得的实验值输入计算机模拟程序，动态绘制出当前状态下的速调管工作图像。
关键词：反射式速调管；测量电路；动态模拟；数据采集；数据处理
中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0091-04
Simulation and measurement of working characteristics of reflecting klystron by computer
DU Lei
（College of Physics and Electronic Engineering，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006，China）
Abstract： This paper described computer simulation and processing measurement of the working characteristics of reflecting klystron. The authors used coupling phototube convert the voltage of reflector voltages of klystron linearly to lower voltage and converted the lower voltages of standing wave measuring line and crystal detector inputting power linearly to higher voltages by operation amplifier. Then inputted these voltages to computer by analog-to-digital card and plotted the graphs of working characteristics of reflecting klystron with software. At the same time, they simulated the working characteristics of reflecting klystron according these voltage and currents by software.
Key words： Reflecting klystron; Measuring circuit; Dynamic analog; Data measurement; Data processing
28.基于多片DSP+FPGA结构的织物自动检测系统设计与实现
高晓丁， 左 贺， 辛文辉
（西安工程大学，陕西 西安 710048）
摘 要：应用四片DSP+FPGA流水阵列结构，用现场可编程门阵列FPGA对采集的视频数字图像信息进行处理，实现了织物疵点自动检测。设计了以四片TMS320C62x为数字图像信息处理核心;由FPGA实现系统控制互连的织物疵点自动检测系统；设计了基于直方图统计和基于支撑矢量机的织物疵点分类识别算法。实验结果表明，该系统工作可靠、有效，能得到满意的检测结果。
关键词：织物疵点；自动检测；数字图像处理；DSP+FPGA
中图分类号：TP391.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0095-04
Design and implementation automatic fabric defect inspection system
based on multi-pieces DSP+FPGA architecture
GAO Xiao-ding， ZUO He， XIN Wen-hui
（Xi’an Polytechnic University，Xi’an 710048，Chain）
Abstract： This paper introduced realization of automatic fabric defect inspection by using four pieces DSP+FPGA architecture for digital image processing. It designed the fabric defect inspection system controlled by FPGA and with four pieces TM320C62X for processing digital image and composed the program based on attributed relational histogram and supported vector machine. The experiments show the system is credible and effective.
Key words： Fabric defect；Automatic inspection；Processing digital image；DSP+FPGA
29.VXI总线中数据快速传输的实现
曾 杰， 陈光礻禹， 田书林
（电子科技大学自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610054）
摘 要：本课题是基于VXI总线的高速数据测试模块设计的一部分。测试数据在VXI总线中的传输速度是该测试模块性能的重要指标。为了在VXI总线的模块之间进行大块数据传送，VXI总线规定了实现数据块传输的高速数据通道（FDC）协议。本文讲述了如何在VXI总线模块之间实现大量数据快速传输，包括原理介绍及硬件电路设计。设计充分利用高性能FPGA中FIFO IP core的优点，保证数据快速，稳定的传送。文章对设计过程中出现的问题进行讨论并提出解决方案。
关键词：VXI总线；消息基；高速数据通道FDC；高速异步FIFO
中图分类号：TP393.03 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0099-03
Implement of data fast transmitting on VXI bus
ZENG Jie， CHEN Guang-ju， TIAN Shu-lin
（School of Automation Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，Chin）
Abstract： This task is a part of design of High Speed Data Testing Module base on VXI bus. The transfer speed is an important guideline for the performance of the testing module. To transmit a large block data between two VXI modules or between commanders and servants, VXI bus defines the protocol of Fast Data Channel to reach this purpose. This paper describes the implement of transferring a great deal of data between VXI modules, including the introduction of principle and the design of hard circuit. The design uses the advantage of FIFO IP core in a high-powered FPGA, guaranteed the fast, stable transferring. The paper also discussed the problems appeared during the process of design, raises the solve method.
Key words： VXI bus; Message based; Fast data channel; High speed asynchronous FIFO
30.一种减小ADI-FDTD误差的方法
任寰弋， 童 玲
（电子科技大学自动化学院，四川 成都 610054）
摘 要：普通的FDTD法解的过程必须满足时间稳定性条件（Courant-Friedrich-Levy stability condition CFL）。当要模拟的问题具有微细结构时，由于空间步长必须足够小，相应的时间步长也需取得很小，这将使计算开销变得十分巨大。为了解决这个问题，人们提出了无条件稳定的基于交变隐式差分方向方法的时域有限差分法——ADI-FDTD方法。然而，当时间步长取得较大的话，也会伴随着较大的误差。在Crank-Nicolson FDTD方法的基础上，给出了两个新的ADI-FDTD方法，相对于之前的ADI-FDTD方法在大时间步长的情况下，减小了误差。
关键词：交变隐式差分；时域有限差分；时间稳定条件；误差
中图分类号：TP311.11，TP391.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0102-03
A method to reduce error of ADI-FDTD
REN Huan-yi， TONG Ling
（School of Automation Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China）
Abstract： As explicit finite-differerce time-domain (FDTD) methods must satisfy the Courant-Friedrich-Levy stability condition (CFL) stability condition, this makes computationally expensive when simulating the problem that has slightly constructures that small cell sizes and time steps are needed. To overcome the problem, unconditionally stable alternate-direction implicit (ADI) FDTD method has been recently proposed. However, it comes with large errors when time steps selected large. In this paper, the authors proposed two new ADI-FDTD method with reduced errors at large time steps, based on the Crank-Nicolson FDTD methods.
Key words： ADI-FDTD; Courant-friedrich-levy; Stability condition； Error
31.基于NiosⅡ自定制Avalon设备的设计与实现
高 枫， 王玉松
（西南交通大学电气工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：在NiosII系统的构建过程中，SOPC Builder开发环境集成了许多常用类型的设备模型，供开发者调用。而对于其他的一些设备可以按照Avalon总线规范将设备驱动程序集成到SOPC Builder的硬件抽象层中，同样可以加载使用，方便了用户开发一个自定制的片上系统。本文通过在NiosII系统内部集成一个I2C总线控制器详细说明了自定制Avalon设备的设计方法，并通过行为仿真和系统测试验证了方法的可行性。
关键词：I2C总线控制器；NiosII；Avalon
中图分类号：TP368.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0105-04
Design and implementation of user-defined Avalon device on NiosII
GAO Feng， WANG Yu-song
（College of Electrical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: In the development process of the NiosⅡ system， SOPC Builder integrates many generic devices mode for developer to use. But for other devices， the driver should be integrated into hardware abstract layer of the SOPC Builder according to Avalon bus norms. It also can be loaded and make developing a User-Defined SOC conveniently. This paper expounded the method of designing a User-Defined Avalon device through integrating a I2C controller in the NiosⅡ system. The results of behavior simulation and system test demonstrate feasibility.
Key words: I2C controller； NiosⅡ； Avalon
32.基于无线视频传输的计量远程读数装置研究
许 铃， 王 海
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：针对TMS320DM64x系列前端DSP数据处理器、GPRS/CDMA1X和ARM9系列终端芯片的运算特性，提出了一种基于AVS-M编码算法的嵌入式、移动视频远程传输与播放方案，从而实现远离现场对检定测试过程进行监控、并读取计量测试数据。该方案实时编码传输帧率在CDMA1X环境下可达10帧/秒，解码播放帧率可达15帧/秒，在未来3G环境中编解码帧率均可达25帧/秒，技术水平国内先进。
关键词：嵌入式；视频编码；无线传输；移动视频；DSP
中图分类号：TP391 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0109-03
Research on remote measuring reading device based on wireless video transmission
XU Ling， WANG Hai
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: Aiming at TMS320DM64x series front-end DSP data processing device and the operation characteristics of GPRS/CDMA1X and ARM9 series terminal chip, this article proposed a embedded, mobile video remote transmission and play project based on the AVS-M encoding algorithm to realize the monitor for examining the test process far away from the scene and reading the measurement test data. This project's real-time encoding transmission frame rate may reach up to 10 frame/seconds under the CDMA1X environment, the encoding play Frame Rate may reach up to 15frame/seconds, and the encoding frame rate may reach for 25frame/seconds under 3G environments in the future. This technique is advanced in China.
Key words: Embedded； Video encoding； Wireless transmission； Mobile video; DSP
33.WORD试验报告的自动生成
金良锋， 周文祥
（西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点试验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：为适应数字化技术发展要求，自动、规范、方便地生成各类试验报告，结合Word文档的模板技术，巧妙运用Word软件的“域”和“宏”两个功能，应用VBA（Visual Basic for Applications）编程，研究了利用Visual Basic语言编写的Word试验报告自动生成软件，分析了此软件的优点和实现方法，重点介绍了对多表格、多图形的处理，以车轮外形试验报告自动生成系统为实例，验证了此方案的实用、有效性，实践表明此方法机制简单、灵活方便、适用范围广。
关键词：Word；VBA；报告；自动；试验
中图分类号：TP311.11，TP391.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0112-04
Auto generation of experiment report in WORD form
JIN Liang-feng， ZHOU Wen-xiang
（Traction Power State Key Laboratory，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract： For accommodating the development of numeralization, automatic test report creating is quite necessary. This paper introduced how to use the templet of Word document, how to utilized “field” and “macro” in Word and applied the VBA（Visual Basic for Applications） for auto-generating test report in Word form by Visual Basic language. Importantly, it presented the technique to deal with multi-forms and multi-graphics and confirmed the practicability and validity of the methods by the auto-generating test report system of the outline of the wheel. Practices indicated that the methods were of briefness, agility, facility and with wide application field.
Key words： Word； VBA； Report； Auto； Experimentation
34.轨道不平顺检测中数字补偿滤波器的设计及仿真
李林峰， 林建辉
（西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：轨道不平顺是影响列车安全舒适的主要因素，轨检车可实时准确的检测出轨道不平顺状态；但车速的变化会使传感器信号发生畸变和衰减，使分析数据失真。为了消除车速的影响，分析了轨检系统中数字补偿滤波器的理论及设计方法，最后进行了CCS5000仿真验证。结果表明，数字补偿滤波器能够消除前端有用信号的衰减，且可达到较高的精度。
关键词：轨道不平顺检测；数字补偿滤波器
中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0116-02
Design and simulation of digital compensating filter on track irregularity inspection
LI Lin-feng， LIN Jian-hui
（Traction Power State Key Laboratory，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: The track irregularity is the main factor which affects the train’s safety and amenity. Track-geometry-inspecting vehicle can collected data of track irregularity real-time and exactly. However, the change of vehicle’s velocity leads to the signal from sensor dying-out and distortion. This makes analysis data incredible. In order to remove the effect of vehicle’s speed, this paper analyzed the theory and designing method of digital compensating filter in the vehicle’s track inspection system and performed a simulation in the CCS5000. The result indicates that the digital filter can compensate the valuable signal which is weakened previously and the accuracy is rather high.
Key words: Track irregularity inspection； Digital compensating filter
35.蔬菜中高效氯氰菊酯等农药残留分析方法
殷春杭， 钱允辉， 王志强
（江苏省南通市农产品质量检验测试中心，江苏 南通 226006）
摘 要：采用乙腈同时提取蔬菜中的高效氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯，用安捷伦的弗罗里硅土柱（500mg；6mL）进行净化，气相色谱法（μECD检测器）进行测定，高效氯氰菊酯的回收率在70.1％～110％，变异系数在1.35％～5.42％，最低检出限为0.001mg/kg。氰戊菊酯的回收率在84.99％～103.68％，变异系数在5.13％～7.15％，最低检出限为0.001mg/kg。
关键词：蔬菜；高效氯氰菊酯；农药残留
中图分类号：TQ450.2+63 文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0118-03
Determination of high effect cypermethrin and fenvalerate in vegetables
YIN Chun-hang， QIAN Yun-hui， WANG Zhi-qiang
（Nantong Supervision and Testing Center for Agricultural Product Quality，Nantong 226006，China）
Abstract： High effect cypermethrin and fenvalerate in vegetables were extracted with acetonitrile simultaneously. Extract was purified with Agilent florisil column （500mg；6ml）， and analyzed by gas chromatography （μECD detector）. These results showed that recoveries of high effect cypermethrin and fenvalerate were 70.1%～110% and 84.99%～103.68%, coefficients of variation were 1.35%～5.42% and 5.13%～7.15%, and the lowest detection limits were 0.001mg/kg and 0.001mg/kg respectively.
Key words： Vegetables; Beta-cypermerthrin; Pesticides residues
36.鱼体内重金属含量测定及其分布状况的研究
刘丹赤1， 邵长明2
（1.山东省日照职业技术学院，山东 日照 276826；2.山东省日照港（集团）有限公司，山东 日照 276826）
摘 要：以微波消解预处理样品，用ICP-AES法测定了市场具有代表性的食用鱼类的Cu，Zn，Cd，Pb，Cr和Ni六种重金属的含量。结果表明，鱼类不同组织器官对各种重金属积累能力明显不同，生命必需元素Zn、Cu的含量较高，且主要存在于肝脏和内脏中；有毒重金属元素Cd，Pb，Cr和Ni主要分布于鳞片、鳃中，其食用部分中各重金属含量都较低，可以安全食用。
关键词：鱼；重金属；微波消解；ICP-AES；分布
中图分类号：O657.31 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0121-02
Assessment of contents of heavy metals in fish body and its regular distributed patter
LIU Dan-chi1， SHAO Chang-ming2
（1.Rizhao Vocational Technical College，Rizhao 276826，China；
2.Rizhao Port Authority，Rizhao 276826，China）
Abstract: The paper demonstrated the determination of concentrations of the five metal elements (Cu ,Zn ,Cd ,Pb ,Cr) in same representative species of commercial fishes. The contents of the five metal elements in the body of fish were determined by ICP-AES after digesting by microwave heating.The recoveries of the elements ranged mostly from 91% to 101% and the RSDs were within 3%.The investigation revealed that the contents of the heavy metals in various species and the distributions of the heavy metals in various organs and tissues of the fishes were quite different. Life essential element Zn and Cu content are higher and mainly exists in the liver and the internal organs. But toxic metals mainly are accumulated in scales and gills .Based on the investigation, an evaluation was made for safety of edible fishes.
Key words: Fish; Heavy metals; Concentration; ICP-AES; Distribution
37.微波消化在药品微量元素测定中的应用
沈 梅， 马安德
（南方医科大学分析测试中心，广东 广州 510515）
摘 要：利用压力自控密闭微波消解系统，首先用65%硝酸和30%过氧化氢消化液分解消化样品，并选择微波消化的最佳条件，然后再用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定样品中钼、铜、钴、镁、铁、锌、铬、钙、锂、硒等微量元素，从而表明微波消化技术在药品测定分析中的重要作用。该方法具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、再现性好等特点。回收率均在96%～103%之间。
关键词：微波消化；药品；微量元素；应用；火焰原子吸收分光光度法
中图分类号：O657.31 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0123-03
Application of microwave digestion in medicine and chemical reagents of trace-elements
SHEN Mei， MA An-de
（Instrumental Analysis and Research Center， Southern Medical University，Guangzhou 510515，China）
Abstract: Trace amounts of Mo Cu Co Mg Fe Zn Cr Ca Li and Se in Medicine and Chemical Reagents were determined by FAAS. Digestion of the sample with 65% NHO3 and 30% H2O2 in a closed Teflon vessel and heating with microwave oven were used in the analysis. This method was proved to be not only rapid and simple, but also of high sensitivity and good repeatability. The recoveries are in the range of 96%~103%.
Key words: Microwave digestion； Medicine and chemical reagents； Trace-element； Application； FAAS
38.一种新型绝缘监测系统的设计
杨 洲1， 侯大成2， 李 静3
（1.莱阳农学院国有资产管理处，山东 青岛 266109；2.山东航空集团，山东 青岛 266109；
3.青岛科技大学自动化学院，山东 青岛 266042）
摘 要：直流系统的绝缘性能直接影响直流回路的可靠性。针对监测电网直流系统的绝缘问题，提出了一种主-从式绝缘监测系统的设计方案，即用一个绝缘主模块来测量主回路的绝缘电阻，而用专门的支路模块来判断出现绝缘降低的那条支路，并利用不平衡电桥法给出了一个较为精确的，用于电网直流系统计算正负母线绝缘值都出现降低的情况下的正、负绝缘电阻的公式，在实际应用中取得了很好的效果，测量精度可达到5%。
关键词：直流系统；主-从式；绝缘监测；不平衡电桥；绝缘电阻
中图分类号：TM930.12 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0126-03
Design of a new type insulation monitoring system
YANG Zhou1， HOU Da-cheng2， LI Jing3
（1.Administrative Department of State-owned Assets，Laiyang Agriculture College，Qingdao 266109， China；
2.Shandong Aviation Group，Qingdao 266109， China；
3.College of Automation，Qingdao University of Science and Technology，Qingdao 266042，China）
Abstract: The insulation level influences reliability of DC loop in the DC system directly. To solve the problem of insulation in the DC monitoring system, this paper proposed a scheme of insulation monitor system with master-slave type, measuring insulation resistance of main route with main insulation module and branch route with a branch insulation module. Formulation with which the insulation resistance can be calculated was educed. This method obtained good effect in application and the precision can reach to 5%.
Key words： DC system; Master-slave type; Insulation monitoring; Lopsided electricity bridge; Insulation resistance
39.基于DSP的路障视频监控报警硬件系统
赵 挺， 陈维荣， 李东明
（西南交通大学电气工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：针对传统安全监控措施不完善的问题，设计了一套用于监控铁路路障的视频监控及报警硬件系统。系统中采用了TI（TEXAS INSTUMENT）的多媒体处理芯片TMS320DM642作为主要处理器，用于对系统所采集到的视频信号进行识别与处理，当系统判定路口中存在路障时，则通过无线收发器对列车发出报警信号，列车员收到信号后便可以对列车制动从而避免事故的发生。整个系统分为两个部分，一部分设计为架设在铁路口边，另一部分则设置在列车上。其它主要选用的器件还有视频解码芯片TVP5150PBS和无线收发芯片nrf401等。
关键词：视频监控；DSP；报警系统
中图分类号：TP277 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0129-04
Hardware of video monitoring and alarm system based on DSP
ZHAO Ting， CHEN Wei-rong， LI Dong-ming
（College of Electrical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract： This presented a hardware which was designed to monitor the railway crossing. The authors chosed TI（ TEXAS INSTRUMENT）’s multimedia processor TMS320DM642 as the main processor and it was ased to process the video signal capmred by the system. When there is the obstruction on the railwasy, the wireless system will send the alarm signal to the train and thus the train can be stopped. The whole system contains two parts. One of them is designed to be placed at the crossing, and the other will be placed in the train. Video decoder TVP5150PBS and wireless RF transceiver ntf401 are applied in this system.
Key words： Video monitoring；DSP；Alarm system
40.列车绝缘检测仪设计
艾 静， 苏燕辰， 何玉才
（西南交通大学 机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：基于低压配电网绝缘检测的实际需求，研制了一种基于单片机的手持数字式列车绝缘检测仪（数字兆欧表）。介绍了该仪器的硬件部分和软件部分的设计，详述了硬件部分各个模块的功能及软件部分的流程图；并阐述了该仪器的测量网络的选取和测量原理。
关键词：绝缘检测；数字兆欧表；单片机；流程图；测量
中图分类号：TP216 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0133-03
Application for Testing Insulation Based on Train
AI Jing， SU Yan-chen， HE Yu-cai
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract： Based on the actual needs of low-voltage distribution network insulation, this paper discussed the design of the digital mega-ohm meter for train based on the single chip microprocessor. It introduced the design of hardware and software as well as the function of all modules and flowchart. Meanwhile, it discussed in detail the theory of measuring resistance of train and selection of measuring network.
Key words: Insulation monitoring；Digital mega-ohm meter；SCM；Flowchart；Measuremen
41.新一代霍尔效应智能磁强计的研究
郭 玲
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：智能磁强计是在设计上采用单片机和数字电位器,替代传统的机械电位器的基础上，研发出的一种基于霍尔效应的新型智能化磁场强度测量仪器。从根本上解决机械电位器因接触不良而产生的噪声、漂移等问题。实践证明：该仪器具有测量范围宽，测量精度高，校准常数调节和零点调节实现智能化，换能器更换方便和使用简单等特点，且具有较好的线性度,其测量误差均在0.5%以内。已取得了较好的经济效益，应用推广前景广阔。
关键词：霍尔效应；磁强计；数字电位器；自动调零；DS1267
中图分类号：TM936.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0136-03
Research of new intelligent magnetic field meter based on hall effect
GUO Ling
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: Intelligent magnetic field meter is a new intelligent magnetic field measure insurance instrument based on hall effect, which adopts single-chip microcomputer and digital potentiometer chip. It radically solves the problems, which are lead by bad contacts of mechanical potentiometer, such as noise and excursion. Practice shows that the instrument has follow characteristics： wids measuring range, high accuracy, intelligence of calibration constant adjustment and zero adjustment, convenience of transducer replacement and easily use, good linearity and measurement error within 0.5%. The instrument has achieved a better economic efficiency with broad prospects.
Key words: Hall effect； Magnetic field meter； Digital potentiometer； Automatic zero； DS1267
42.用于激光加工工艺的脉冲抽样器的设计
赵法刚， 郭 娟
（山西大学物理实验中心，山西 太原 030006）
摘 要：在激光加工技术中，就激光打孔而言，制造出规则的序列脉冲是进行高精度打孔的关键。文章介绍了用于对驻波腔腔长进行扫描的脉冲抽样器的设计及制作，利用我们制作的脉冲抽样器对压电陶瓷堆进行高频调制，从而达到扫描激光器谐振腔腔长的目的。此脉冲抽样器在脉冲激光加工工艺，特别是激光打孔技术中有非常实用的价值。此项工作为激光打标工艺作了相应的探索和准备。
关键词：脉冲激光器；激光加工；规则尖峰脉冲序列；脉冲抽样；激光打孔
中图分类号：TN249 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-4984（2007）04-0139-03
Design of Pulse Sampling in Laser Processing
ZHAO Fa-gang， GUO Juan
（Center of Physical Experiment，Shanxi University，Taiyuan 030006，China）
Abstract: In the laser processing technology, as for the laser punch, the key of the high accuracy punch is making the regular sequence pulse. The article introduced the design and manufacture of the pulse sampling, which was used to scan the long of the standing wave cavity. Using the pulse sampling, the authors could achieve the goal of scanning the long of the laser resonant cavity through the high frequency modulation of the piezoelectricity ceramics pile. This pulse sampling has extremely practical value in the pulse laser processing craft, especially in the technology of the laser punch. So our work
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