 目录摘要
1. 表面声波单电子输运器件中弱电流的测量
赵建君1, 张 林1, 袁 辉2, 李 玲3, 高 洁1,2
（1.四川大学物理科学与技术学院,四川 成都 610064; 2.中国测试技术研究院,四川 成都 610021; 3.四川师范大学物理学院低维结构物理实验室,四川 成都 610066）
摘 要：研究表面声波单电子输运（SAW/SET）器件中的量子化声电电流对于揭示表面声波驱动的单电子输运特性有重要意义，并且有可能应用于量子电流基准，从而把安培与基本电荷和频率联系起来。为此设计了一种高精度高智能测量系统用于测量表面声波单电子输运器件中的声电电流。通过采用高性能I-V转换器和小波去噪等措施，使系统的噪声峰峰值小于30 fA；采用LabVIEW编写的测量程序和合适的硬件实现了智能化的自动测量。该系统已成功地应用到SAW/SET器件中弱电流的测量，为将来揭示表面声波驱动的单电子输运特性和量子电流基准的可能实现做了有益的探索。
关键词：表面声波；单电子输运；声电电流；小波去噪；弱电流测量
中图分类号：O469， TM933.11 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0001-04
Measurements of weak current based on single-electron transport driven by the surface-acoustic-wave
ZHAO Jian-jun1, ZHANG Lin1, YUAN Hui2, LI Ling3, GAO Jie1，2
（1.College of Physical Science and Technology，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China;
2.National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China;
3.College of Physics and Lab. for Low-dimensional Structure Physics，Sichuan Normal University，Chengdu 610066，China)
Abstract： It is significant to study experimentally the quantized acoustoelectric current for the transport of single electron driven by the surface acoustic wave （SAW）. One of its possible applications is the development of a fundamental standard of electrical current linking the ampere to the elementary charge and frequency. We designed a precise, intelligent automatic system to measure the acoustoelectric current for SAW-driven single electron transport devices. The peak-to-peak value of the noise is less than 30 fA by using high-performance I-V conversion devices and the denoising methods of wavelet transform. The intelligent automatic measurements are realized by the programs of LabVIEW and appropriate hardwares. This measurement system has been successfully applied to measure the weak current in SAW/SET devices. The present work also has an impact on the future study on SAW-driven single electron transport and the possible realization of quantized current standard.
Key words: Surface acoustic wave； Single electron transport; Acoustoelectric current; Denoising methods of wavelet transform; Weak current measurement
2. 基于IEC标准的风力发电机组声发射评估方法
孙 磊1， 秦树人1， 柏 林1， 徐黎萍2
（ 1.重庆大学测试中心，重庆 400030；2.重庆大学机械工程学院，重庆 400030）
摘 要：研究了基于IEC 61400-11测量标准，确保风力发电机组声学噪声评估过程准确、可重复的声学测试分析方法，如风速的测量与转换、1/3倍频程分析的背景噪声修正、整风速下的声压级等；推导了适用于工程实践的由声压级估算声功率级的计算公式；并详细分析了基于窄带谱与心理声学的音调及能听度的计算过程。对基于上述原理所开发的测量评估系统于2007年7月在新疆达坂城2号风场进行了为期三周的现场验证性试验，各模块的分析精度与频响范围均达到IEC标准1级仪器的要求，所有指标的评估结果均与MEASNET成员单位所做结论保持一致。
关键词：声学噪声；风力发电机；视在声功率；音调；IEC 61400-11
中图分类号：TB52+2， TB533+.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0005-05
Acoustic emission assessment of wind turbines based on IEC standard
SUN Lei1, QIN Shu-ren1, BO Lin1, XU Li-ping2
（1.Test Center，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400030，China;
2.School of Mechanical Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400030，China）
Abstract： A novel measurement and analysis methods of noise emission assessments and verifications for the wind turbine generator system, which complies with specification IEC 61400-11, were investigated. Wind speed measurement and conversion, background correction for 1/3 octave analysis, and sound pressure levels at the integer wind speed which was recommended to ensure the consistency and accuracy of this procedure were included. A practical calculation formula for the sound power level measurement of wind turbine was induced from the sound pressure level. The tonality calculation and audibility calculation were analyzed in detail based on narrowband analyses and psychoacoustics. Experiments had been carried out in Xinjiang Dabancheng No.2 Wind Farm during July 2007 in order to validate the performances of the assessment system which was developed according to the above. The analysis precision and power responding range for each module of this system were satisifed with IEC requirements for type 1 instrument. And every assessment result of each indictor was in accord with that given by MEASENT member.
Key words: Acoustic noise; Wind turbine generator; Apparent Sound Power; Tonality; IEC 61400-11 Editor：liyan
3. 小冲杆试验方法研究进展及存在的问题
张小亮1，2， 王兆希2
（1.北京工业职业技术学院，北京 100042；2.清华大学工程力学系，北京 100084）
摘 要：SP小冲杆试验法在力学测试中得到了广泛的发展和应用。用SP试验法测得的小试样的载荷-位移-试样厚度变化曲线，通过类比分析以及半解析相结合的方法可以计算材料的特征常数：屈服极限、强度极限、断裂韧性、转变温度和蠕变特性，并且从大量的试验数据、理论模型和有限元计算模型来看，SP试验法测得的结果与相应的大尺寸标准力学测试方法得到的数据有着直接的对应和转换关系。介绍了该试验方法的试验技术、分析方法、研究进展及其应用，并分析了该试验方法目前所存在的一些问题。
关键词：小冲杆试验法；性能测试；材料常数；断裂韧性；蠕变特性
中图分类号：O346.1+2， TH871.4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0010-05
Research and problems of small punch test method
ZHANG Xiao-liang1，2， WANG Zhao-xi2
（1.School of Electromechanical Engineering，Beijing Polytechnic College，Beijing 100042，China；
2.Department of Engineering Mechanics，Qinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）
Abstract: Small punch（SP） test method has been developed and applied widely in mechanical testing. With the SP test method. Variety curve about load-displacement-sample of miniaturized specimens had been gained. Characteristic constant of material could be gained by analogism and analytic method. Such as bended limit， intensity limit， rupture toughness， transition temperature， creeppage characteristic. The results from SP method and from standard test method were related together with the detailed experimental results and the theory models. Problems， methods， development and application about the standard SP test device were discussed.
Key words: Small punch； Capability testing； Constant of material； Rupture toughnes; Creeppage characteristic
4. 应对RoHS指令建立我国相关化学计量溯源体系 编辑：liyan
马联弟， 冯流星， 邵明武
（中国计量科学研究院化学计量与分析科学研究所，北京 100013）
摘 要：为应对欧盟RoHS指令以及保证我国的相关管理办法顺利实施，中国计量科学研究院承担了建立我国相关化学计量溯源体系的任务。该项工作包括三个重点：基标准方法研究和标准物质研制；开展国际比对、国际合作以形成国际互认；能力验证的实施，基标准资源共享及知识传播。通过本工作，使国际贸易中测量的结果具有了可比性，提高了我国RoHS检测实验室整体检测水平。
关键词：RoHS指令；化学计量；溯源；标准物质；国际比对
中图分类号：TB99， T652.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0015-04
Establishment of national chemical metrology traceability system for RoHS directive
MA Lian-di， FENG Liu-xing， SHAO Ming-wu
（Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science Division，National Institute of Metrology，Beijing 100013，China）
Abstract： According with EU Directive 2002/95/EC Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS Directive) and same national regulation of China, National Institute of Metrology（NIM） has a program for correlative national chemical metrology traceability system establishment in this field. Three important parts were included in this werk：primary measurement method researches and some certified reference material developments； international cooperation and comparisons for MRA；national proficiency tests, standards resource and knowledge sharing. With the successful achievements of this work, the measurement results in the international trade get comparable and the measurement levels of whole testing laboratories in China would be improved.
Key words： RoHS directive; Chemical metrology; Traceability; Reference material; International comparison
Editor：liyan
5. 基于图像相关的钢绞线最大力伸长率测试装置研究 编辑：liyan
蒋 明
（苏州科技学院土木系，江苏 苏州 215011）
摘 要：钢绞线最大力伸长率是衡量其材料特性的一项重要力学性能指标，如何精确测量该指标是长期以来一直在探索的问题。设计出的测量钢绞线最大力伸长率的新系统，采用电测量数据与图像实时同步采集和图像序列变形分析相结合的方法，此方法在测量过程中，非接触测量试件的变形，克服了目前钢绞线测量中的弊端。实现了钢绞线最大力伸长率的测量，提高了测量的精度和可靠性。
关键词：钢绞线；最大力伸长率；同步采集
中图分类号：TG142， TH871.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0019-03
Research on testing setup of pre-stressed steel strand stretching based on image correlation
JIANG Ming
（Department of Civil Engineering，Suzhou Science and Technology University，Suzhou 215011，China）
Abstract: Steel strand stretching is an important mechanics performance criterion for its material characteristic. How to measure this criterion accurately had been confused for long time. A new system which using electronic measuring data plus image real synchronized collection technical and image series deformation analysis method was designed to measure steel strand stretching. It overcame the measurement problems by using non-contact measurement method， realized measurement of steel strand stretching and enhanced the measurement accuracy and reliability.
Key wards: Steel strand； Stretching； Synchronized collection
6. 激光轮廓测量仪的高频相位测量电路设计 编辑：liyan
欧文初， 谢 驰
（四川大学测试技术与控制工程系,四川 成都 610065)
摘 要：高频相位测量装置是激光轮廓测量仪不可缺少的一部分，它完成的工作是对两路被测信号进行相位测量。文中介绍了一种用混频原理和锁相环技术将高频转化为低频，并且用相关计数法对低频相位进行测量的方法。低频部分主要是利用了单片机丰富的软硬件资源和CPLD器件灵活多用功能来实现的。通过混频电路和低频相位测量电路的组合，能较高精度地完成此相位测量任务。
关键词：混频原理；锁相环技术；单片机；CPLD；相关计数
中图分类号：TM933.3+12， TN249 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0022-03
Measuring circuit design for high-frequency phase of laser profilometer
OU Wen-chu， XIE Chi
（Department of Testing Technology and Control Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）
Abstract: High-frequency phase measuring equipment is an indispensable part of the laser profilometer. Its work is to measure the phases of two measured signals. One measurement method using designed circuit to change high-frequency into low-frequency with the frequency mixing theory and phase locking technique, then using correlative counting method to measure low-frequency was introduced. The low-frequency part mainly used the ample resource of SCM and flexible functions of CPLD. With combination of frequency mixing circuit and low-frequency measurement circuit, the designed circuit can measure the phase more accurately.
Key words: Frequency mixing theory; Phase locking technique; SCM(single-chip computer); CPLD; Correlative counting method
7. 用于应变仪的程控精密激励源设计 编辑：liyan
龙思宇， 林建辉， 孟劲松
（西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：为了解决在应变测量中需要的高精度、低干扰并具有相对大的驱动能力的激励源产生的问题。采用可编程基准源和驱动两级电路，通过可编程的DAC生成电压基准，再通过驱动电路，程控选择电压激励源和电流激励源的生成和输出。所设计的程控精密激励源具有体积小、精度高、功耗低、配置灵活的特点。实际应用表明，本设计达到了技术方案要求并已成功应用于实际的应变测量之中。
关键词：应变测试；可编程电压基准；激励源选择电路；恒流源；恒压源
中图分类号：TN86， TH823+.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0025-03
Design of programmable precise power module
LONG Si-yu， LIN Jian-hui， MENG Jin-song
（Traction Power National Key Lab.，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: This paper discussed a new power module which was comprised by programmable voltage reference and tow stage drive circuit. It could supply high precise， low noise power for the strain measurement. According the programmable DAC and drive circuit， it could supply the voltage reference for constant voltage source and constant current source controlled and chosen by FPGA. This power module has many advantages， such as small cubage， high precise and low power consumption. This power module has been already used in the practical works successfully.
Key words: Strain measurement； Programmable voltage reference； V/I change circuit； Constant voltage source； Constant current source
Editor：liyan
8. 航天器包装箱振动测试系统 编辑：李燕
谭德坤， 孟立凡， 王乐福， 权晓鹏
（中北大学仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室，山西 太原市030051）
摘 要：充分利用虚拟仪器在振动测试领域的优势，结合三维加速度传感器研发出航天器包装箱振动测试系统，缩短了开发周期，节约了测试成本，实现了长时间实时数据采集并存储，即时显示加速度波形，并根据信号处理的基本原理，对数据进行频谱分析、关键点高亮显示、极值检索、有效值分析、减振效果分析；对采集后的数据加速数据流回放，生成极值、有效值、减振效果报表、打印等功能。
关键词：振动测试；加速度传感器；数据采集；虚拟仪器；LabWindows/CVI
中图分类号：TP274.2， TH825 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0028-03
Spacecraft packing chest vibration measurement system
TAN De-kun， MENG Li-fan， WANG Le-fu， QUAN Xiao-peng
(Key Laboratory，Instruments Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education，
North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China）
Abstract: Virtual instrument technique was used to design spacecraft packing chest vibration measurement system. Using sufficient advantages of virtual instrument in vibration measurement，development cycle was reduced and testing cost was saved. Realized real-time data acquisition and storage for a long time，and displayed accelerated wave instant. Spectral analysis，key-points high-light display，extremum search，virtual value analysis and damping effect analysis of accelerated data were all based on basic theory of signal processing. At last， reviewed collection data，and generated report forms of extremum，virtual value， damping effect and printed them.
Key words: Vibration measurement；Acceleration sensor；Data acquisition；Virtual instrument；LabWindows/CVI
Editor：liyan
9. 基于小波-倒频谱的齿轮故障诊断方法及应用 编辑：李燕
蒋 宇， 李 力， 赵美云
（三峡大学机械与材料学院，湖北 宜昌 443002）
摘 要：利用振动信号采集到的齿轮故障信息，依据点蚀的故障机理和频谱特征，采用小波分解将信号分解在不同频带，有效抑制了背景噪声，从而得到故障特征频带，获得周期性突变的故障信息。选择故障所处频带重构信号，对故障进行诊断。结合倒频谱方法可以有效地识别故障特征频率。结果表明小波分析与倒频谱相结合是齿轮故障检测中一种有效的诊断方法。
关键词：齿轮；故障；小波分析；倒频谱；点蚀
中图分类号：TH132.41， TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0031-04
Gear diagnosis and applying base on the method of wavelet-cepstrum
JIANG Yu， LI Li， ZHAO Mei-yun
（College of Mechanical and Material Engineering，China Three Gorges University，Yichang 443002，China）
Abstract： Based on the vibration signal to collect the gear failure information， the signal was decomposed in different frequency bands using the wavelet analysis according to the failure mechanism and spectrum signature of the pitting corrosion. It conduced to restrain the noises effectively and get the periodic break information. Selecting the bands where the failure located recomposed the signal and diagnosed the failure. Combining the cepstrum method could identify the characteristic frequency availably. The result proves that the wavelet-cepstrum method has great validity in gear failure diagnosis.
Key words： Gear；Failure；Wavelet analysis；Cepstrum；Pitting corrosion
Editor：liyan
10. 浅析终点电压对航空煤油蒸馏试验的影响 编辑：李燕
肖学喜
（中国石化镇海炼化分公司质量管理中心，浙江 宁波 315207）
摘 要：选用不同加工工艺生产的航空煤油，通过改变终点电压来进行蒸馏试验，考察比较了终点电压对航空煤油蒸馏试验初馏点、终馏点、终馏时间及残留量的影响，试验结果表明：终点电压的改变对航空煤油蒸馏试验的终馏点及残留量具有显著影响，且对不同加工工艺生产的航空煤油影响程度各不相同，而对初馏点及其它回收温度的影响并不明显。
关键词：航空煤油；蒸馏；测定；终点电压；终馏点；残留量
中图分类号：TE626.22， TE622.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0035-03
Influence of terminal voltage on aviation kerosene distillation
XIAO Xue-xi
（Center of Quality Management of China Petrochemical Zhenhai Refining and Chemical Company，Ningbo 315207，China）
Abstract： Different aviation kerosene produced by different processing was distilled by changing terminal voltage. Influences of terminal voltage on the initial boiling point， final boiling point， time of final boiling and residual volume for different aviation kerosene distillation were investigated and compared. The experimental results indicated that final boiling point and residual volume were influenced obviously by changing terminal voltage of aviation kerosene distillation， and its influence was different for differently processed aviation kerosene， but it had no evident influence on the initial boiling point and other recovery temperature.
Key words： Aviation kerosene； Distillation； Determination； Terminal voltage； Final boiling point； Residual volume
Editor：liyan
11. 彩色亮度计光源色度的不确定度分析 编辑：李燕
余培英
（上海市计量测试技术研究院，上海 201203）
摘 要：JJG 211—2005亮度计检定规程已颁布实施，它同时囊括了亮度计和彩色亮度计的检定，增加了光源色度参数的校准。在实施实践中，校准彩色亮度计所用的标准反射色板采用了色差计校准用的一套标准反射色板，校准时的标准值取标准反射色板溯源证书中的A/2，0/45的数据。从彩色亮度计中光源色度参数的实验数据，以及对其测量结果的不确定度分析，均证明新规程校准方法正确，而共用标准反射色板亦可行，校准效果良好。
关键词：彩色亮度计；光源色度；校准；标准反射色板；检定规程；色差计；不确定度
中图分类号：O432， TM930.115 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0038-02
Uncertainty evaluation of illuminant chromaticity for color luminance meter
YU Pei-ying
（Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Shanghai 201203，China）
Abstract： National verification regulation for luminance meter， JJG 211-2005 was published and implemented. This regulation was used to verify either luminance meter or color one， and calibration of illuminant chromaticity was required. During color luminance meter calibrating， its standard reflection shade guide was the same as that for colorimeter calibration， and these standard values A/2，0/45 according to certificate of standard reflection shade guide were used. It is proved that method of this new verification regulation is correct， standard reflection shade guide for colorimeter calibration could be used in color luminance meter calibration， and its calibration results is very well according to experimental data of illuminant chromaticity parameters for color luminance meter and measurement uncertainty.
Key words： Color luminance meter； Illuminant chromaticity； Calibration； Standard reflection shade guide； Verification regulation； Colorimeter； Uncertainty
Editor：liyan
12. 剩余电压测试 编辑：李燕
李雨明
（江苏省科技情报研究所，江苏 南京 210042）
摘 要：对照剩余电压的形成和国家标准规定的测试要求，叙述了剩余电压存在形式、特点、测试方法和要求及测试设备。根据现有不同剩余电压测试方法和测试设备的性能，对照现行国家标准测试规定，列出了当前剩余电压测试过程出现的测试阻抗、测试方法和测试设备等问题。针对这些测试问题，提出了解决的具体测试变通方法和设想。
关键词：剩余电压；剩余能量；电压测试；能量测试；测试阻抗
中图分类号：TM933.2， TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0040-03
Residual voltage measurement
LI Yu-ming
（Jiangsu Information Institute of Science and Technology，Nanjing 210042，China）
Abstract： According to the formation process of residual voltage and the measurement requirements of national standard， those including existing ways， characteristics， methods and requirements as well as the instruments of measurement for residual voltage were described. Based on the various existing methods and different performances of instruments for residual voltage measurement， as well as the requirements of national measurement standards， those problems such as impedance， measurement method and measurement instruments encountered in current residual voltage measurement were pointed out. To solve these problems above， some alternative methods and ideas for specific measurement were suggested.
Key words： Residual voltage；Residual energy；Voltage measurement；Energy measurement；Impedance measurement
Editor：liyan
13. 阻性板表面光洁度对RPC性能的影响 编辑：李燕
姚 宁， 张飞云， 陈 静
（许昌学院电信学院，河南 许昌 461000）
摘 要：北京谱仪最外层的MUON探测器采用国际上先进的阻性板计数器（RPC）构成，RPC共有978块，这些RPC的性能是探测器性能的重要保证，针对于此采用每块分析其中重要的3个参量来研究RPC性能，通过改变RPC的物理特性来提高这些参数。实验在分析阻性板表面光洁度对阻性板探测器性能影响的同时，给出了实验结果并加以图形说明，展示了此探测器的良好性能和优良的发展前景。
关键词：RPC；BES-III；MUON；探测器；性能
中图分类号：TL508， TL54+2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0043-04
Influence of resistive plate surface finish degree on RPC function
YAO Ning, ZHANG Fei-Yun, CHEN Jing
（College of Electronic and Information Engineer，Xuchang University，Xuchang 461000，China）
Abstract： The outmost subsystem of Beijing spectrometer（BES）, Muon counter was composed of 978 international advanced resistive plate counters (RPCs). Thus, the properties of those RPCs determined the function of Muon counter directly. The authors studied three important parameters of each RPC and tried to improve the physical characteristics through these parameters. Influence of resistive plate surface finish degree on RPC function was analyzed, at the same time the results were illustrated by figures. The above indicates that the counter has good performance and good prospects.
Key words： RPC; BES-III; MUON; Counter; Function
Editor：liyan
14. HVI恒温恒湿实验室验收测试方法研究 编辑：李燕
武春爱， 盛高珊， 孟宪罗
（河北省气象技术装备中心，河北 石家庄 050021）
摘 要：探讨了HVI恒温恒湿实验室在质量验收中如何引用规范、测试标准器的选用、测试方法以及测试结果的数据处理等，以确定一个更适宜的测试方法实现对恒温恒湿实验室的验收。HVI实验室属高精度恒温恒湿实验室，其建设的技术含量很高，难度较大，不同的测试方法可能会有不同的测试结果，适宜的验收方法是建设质量评估的关键。
关键词：HVI；恒温恒湿；测试方法；验收；探讨
中图分类号：TB22， X830.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0047-03
Study on test method for acceptance checking of HVI constant
temperature and humidity laboratory
WU Chun-ai， SHENG Gao-shan， MENG Xian-luo
（Hebei Weather Technique Material Center，Shijiazhuang 050021，China）
Abstract: In order to determine the best suitable test method in the quality approval process of the HVI constant temperature constant humidity laboratory， the authors have discussed ways on how to quote the standards and how to select the test standard， the test method， as well as how to process the data of the test results and so on. The HVI laboratory is a high accuracy， constant temperature， and constant humidity laboratory. Due to its high technical content and technical difficulty in its construction， different test methods could possibly give very different test result， thus the finding of a suitable approval method is the key to build a better quality appraisal procedure.
Key words: HVI； Constant temperature constant humidity； Test method； Check； Investigation
Editor：liyan
15. 简述标准、规范文本编写的规范性要求 编辑：李燕
刘亚民， 陈大红， 景振蜀， 罗春生， 牛 蓓
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：标准、规范本质特征是进行统一的一种规范性文件，然而不少标准、规范文本本身就有不规范的地方。为了克服这种现象，该文以现有法规、规范和标准中的要求为依据，从计量单位、数字用法、代号符号与缩略语等方面阐述了规范性要求，并列举了一些示例。目的在于引起各方面关注，并使制定的标准更标准、规范更规范。
关键词：标准；规范；思考与建议
中图分类号：TB9， T652.6 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0050-06
Normative requirements for composing standards and specifications
LIU Ya-min， CHEN Da-hong， JING Zhen-shu， LUO Chun-sheng， NIU Bei
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract： Standards and specifications are normative documents for standardization, but many of themselves are not normatively composed. In order to improve this situation, normative requirements for composing standards and specification including unit of measurement, numeral, code and symbol, abbreviation, etc. were illustrated with some examples according to the requirements of present rules of law, specifications, and standards. Through which, the authors want to draw more attention and make standards and specifications more normative.
Key words： Standard； Specification； Consideration and suggestion
17. 卫星干扰源定位中四阶累积量时间差估计 编辑：李燕
金俊丽1， 杨 洁2
（1.淮海工学院东港学院，江苏 连云港 222069；2.重庆大学机械工程学院，重庆 400030）
摘 要：为了提高对影响卫星正常工作的地面干扰源进行定位的精度，提出卫星干扰源定位中四阶累积量时间差（TDOA）估计方法。该方法利用高阶累积量的特性，在低信噪比，非相关或相关噪声环境下，对接收信号到达时间差做出精确估计，从而有效提高卫星干扰源定位的精度。仿真结果验证该算法的准确性和有效性。
关键词：卫星干扰源定位；到达时间差；四阶累积量；低信噪比；非相关与相关
中图分类号：TN927+2， TM935.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0056-04
A TDOA estimation of fourth-order cumulant in satellite inference location
JIN Jun-li1， YANG Jie2
（1.Huaihai Industrial College，Lianyungang 222069，China；
2.School of Mechanical Enginering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400030，China）
Abstract: In order to improve the positioning precision of interference source which affects the normal operation of the satellites， a Time-Delay of Arrival(TDOA) estimation method based on Fourth-order cumulant was discussed. With the characteristic of high order cumulant， the method can accurately estimate TDOA of the received signal under uncorrelated or correlated noise condition in low SNR and come out with more robust results. Simulation result proves its accuracy and efficiency.
Key words: Satellite interference location；Time-delay of arrival（TDOA）；Fourth-order cumulant；Low signal-noise rate；Uncorrelated or correlated
18. LabWindows／CVI的多线程机制在虚拟数字存储示波器中的应用
马青亮1， 周伦彬2， 鲍 芳1 编辑：李燕
（1.广东工业大学自动化学院，广东 广州 510006；2.广州市计量检测技术研究院，广东 广州 510030）
摘 要：多线程机制给Windows用户带来了许多方便，特别是在基于PC的数据采集和仪器I/O等应用方面，包括改善数据采集的吞吐量，提高响应速度和更有效的后台处理等。现以双通道虚拟数字示波器为研究对象，详细讨论了NI强大的虚拟仪器开发平台LabWindows/CVI的多线程机制，并在此基础上提出了提高虚拟数字存储示波器性能的解决方案。
关键词：多线程；虚拟数字示波器；LabWindows/CVI
中图分类号：TP311.52， TP274+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0060-03
Application of LabWindows/CVI multithreading technology in virtual DSO
MA Qing-liang1， ZHOU Lun-bin2， BAO-Fang1
（1.School of Automation，Guangdong University of Technology，Guangzhou 510006，China；
2.Guangzhou Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Guangzhou 510030，China）
Abstract: Multithreading technology takes much convenience to Windows's users, especially in the DAQ based on PC and the import and export in the instrument, etc. Including the improve of the DAQ throughput, Enhance the accelerate responding and more efficient background processes. The paper takes the virtual DSO as the research object, detailedly recite the virtual instrument development platform LabWindows/CVI multithreading technology, ultimately，put forward the scheme of enhance the virtual DSO’s performance.
Key words: Multithreading technology； Virtual DSO； LabWindows/CVI
19. 高速电路中的信号完整性及仿真 编辑：李燕
张 磊， 唐继勇， 杨 峰
（电子科技大学自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610054）
摘 要：在高速印刷电路板设计过程中，高速电路设计的仿真显示出越来越重要的地位。利用仿真分析的方法，可以在PCB制作之前尽可能发现并解决隐藏的信号完整性和电磁兼容性问题，最大限度地减小产品设计失败概率，提高电路系统工作可靠性。通过采用PADS2004/hyperLynx软件对一高速DSP图像处理印刷电路板中的高速信号线的布局布线前的仿真，分析高速电路板中普遍存在的信号完整性、串扰等问题，并给出了相应的解决办法。
关键词：高速电路；仿真；hyperLynx；印刷电路板；信号完整性
中图分类号：TP337， TN431.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0063-04
Signal integrality and simulation in high speed circuit
ZHANG Lei， TANG Ji-yong， YANG Feng
（College of Automatization Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China）
Abstract: Simulating of high speed circuit design plays a more and more important role in design process of high speed print circuit board. Simulation and analysis could discover hidden problems of signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility before PCB being made. This reduced probability of design failure to the lowest level and thus reliability of products was enhanced. With the help of PADS2004/hyperLynx software， simulation of high speed signal circuits before layout of one DSP image process print circuit board was introduced. The problems such as signal integrality， disturbance between signal lines in high speed circuit boards were analyzed and solutions were also provided.
Key words: High speed circuit；Simulation；HyperLynx；Print circuit board；Signal integrality
20. 基于LabVIEW的车体振动加速度信号处理 编辑：李燕
朱丽琴， 唐艳丽， 张丽娜
（西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：车体耦合振动影响行车安全，因而研究车体振动加速度信号可以有效地测试火车的安全运行情况，为进一步改进车体结构，保障行车安全，采用加速度传感器对车体振动进行了在线检测。利用LabVIEW软件开发平台，采用滤波方法进行粗略地提取，实现车体振动加速度信号的显示和处理。实际表明，该系统结构简单，运行速度快，抗干扰性强，具有较高的可靠度。
关键词：振动加速度；LabVIEW；带通滤波；巴特沃思滤波器；耦合振动
中图分类号：U260.11+1， TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0067-03
Bodywork vibration acceleration signal processing on the basis of LabVIEW
ZHU Li-qin, TANG Yan-li, ZHANG Li-na
（School of Mechanical and Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract： Bodywork coupling vibration affected running of the train. Researching bodywork vibration acceleration signal could effectively test the safety of train operation. To improve the bodyork structure, ensure traffic safety, acceleration sensor was used to complete online testing. LabVIEW software was used to display the results with graphs and text of analysis of signal. Filtering method was used to extract useful signal. The results show that the system has simple constitution, highly running speed, strong anti-interference performance and high reliability.
Key words: Vibration acceleration; LabVIEW; Bandpass filter； Butterworth filter； Coupling vibration
21. 卫星地面测试通用MTP软件设计与实现 编辑：李燕
毕于莲， 孟晓风， 王国华
（北京航空航天大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，北京 100083）
摘 要：为了满足卫星测试软件平台化和面向多型号的需求，提高卫星测试软件的灵活性和可扩展性，提出了一种基于插件的主测试处理机MTP（Master Test Processor）通用框架，介绍了该框架的结构及提供的各种服务，定义了插件的标准接口，提供了插件和MTP运行时（MTP Runtime）之间交互的方法。实践证明，基于此框架开发的MTP测试软件可用于多种型号卫星的测试，缩短了软件开发周期，极大地提高了卫星地面综合测试系统的测试能力。
关键词：卫星测试；面向多型号；MTP框架；插件；动态连接库
中图分类号：TN927+.2， TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0070-04
Design and implementation of general MTP software for satellite ground testing
BI Yu-lian, MENG Xiao-feng, WANG Guo-hua
（College of Instrumentation Sciences and Optoelectronics Engineering，Beijing Aviation and
Spaceflight University，Beijing 100083，China）
Abstract: In order to satisfy the requirement of platform and multi-type oriented in satellite testing software, and improve its flexibility and scalability, a general MTP （Master Test Processor） framework based on plug was proposed, the framework structure plus services it could provide were introduced, the standard interface of plug was defined, and the interactive method between plug and MTP Runtime was described. The result shows that the MPT test software based on this framework can be applied to test multi-type satellite. This framework also can reduce the software development cycle and greatly improve the test ability for the satellite ground comprehensive testing system.
Key words: Satellite testing; Multi-type oriented; MTP framework; Plug; DLL
22. 多线程技术在虚拟数字信号分析仪中的应用 编辑：李燕
程照宇， 盛 文， 雷晓勇， 贾明捷
（空军雷达学院，湖北 武汉 430019）
摘 要：针对运用传统的单线程技术进行虚拟仪器开发中遇到的问题，提出了一种基于多线程技术的虚拟数字信号分析仪的设计方法。在LabWindows/CVI软件开发平台上，利用多线程的调度以及多线程之间的数据传输方法，解决了传统单线程开发中遇到的界面响应速度慢、显示效果不稳定等问题，大大提高了实际检测效率，具有广泛的应用价值。
关键词：多线程；虚拟仪器；信号分析仪；数据交换；LabWindows/CVI
中图分类号：TP311.52， TM935.21 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0074-03
Application of multithreading in virtual digital signal analyzer development
CHENG Zhao-yu， SHENG Wen， LEI Xiao-yong， JIA Ming-jie
（Department of Graduate Management，AFRA，Wuhan 430019，China）
Abstract: To solve the problems encountered in virtual digital signal analyzer development with traditional single threading technique, the design of virtual digital signal analyzers based on multithreading was proposed. With the software development platform LabWindows/CVI, the problems of developing with traditional single threading technique such as slow response of interface and display unsteadiness were resolved by using multithreading Schedule and data transfer method. This design improved test efficiency greatly and had wild application prospects.
Key words: Multithreading; Virtual Instrument; Signal analyzer; Data-exchange; LabWindows/CVI
23. 基于实测的无线信道仿真分析 编辑：李燕
薛 伟， 王 忠
（四川大学电气信息工程系，四川 成都 610065）
摘 要：在建设WCDMA网络前，为了获得符合本地区实际环境的无线传播模型，提高覆盖预测的准确性，为网络规划打好基础，必须进行传播模型的校正。介绍了利用实地无线信道测试数据修正经典传播模型以估计无线信道的方法和原理、数据采集的基本原则以及如何利用SIMULINK仿真工具包构建无线信道工作模型。仿真结果表明，该方法有效且可行。
关键词：WCDMA；无线信道；信道模型；最小均方误差；仿真
中图分类号：TP337， TM930.115 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0077-03
Radio channel simulation analysis based on factual testing
XUE Wei， WANG Zhong
（College of Electric Information，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）
Abstract: Before constucting the WCDMA network， revise radio propagation mode for approaching factual radio propagation mode is necessary for increasing accuracy of coverage forecast and laying the foundation for network layout. This paper introduced a radio channel estimation method， principle via wireless channel test data amended classical propagation model and essential principle of test data collection. It also introduced how to use SIMULINK to make up the model of wireless channel. The results from simulation indicate that this method is feasible and effective.
Key words: WCDMA；Radio channel；Channel model；MMSE（minimum mean square error）；Simulation
24. 基于新核函数的支持向量机在物体分类中的应用 编辑：李燕
艾扬利1， 赵忠芹1， 杨 兵2
（1.中国民航飞行学院计算机信息工程学院，四川 广汉 618307；2.华中科技大学图像识别与人工智能研究所，湖北 武汉 430074）
摘 要：在基于视的物体识别中，将图像的局部信息引入到图像的相似性度量，提出了一种新的图像距离度量，并把它嵌入到支持向量机的核函数中，得到了一种新的核函数——基于局部卡方距离（Chi-square distance）的核函数。物体分类实验结果表明，新算法优于非线性支持向量机，区别张量一阶分解（DTROD），稀疏网络模型（SNW）等方法。
关键词：物体分类；支持向量机；局部卡方距离；区别张量一阶分解；稀疏网络模型
中图分类号：TP75 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0080-04
View-based object classification using SVM with new kernel
AI Yang-li1， ZHAO Zhong-qin1， YANG Bin2
（1.College of Computer Science and Technology，Civil Aviation Flight University of China，Guanghan 618307，China；
2.Institute of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence，Huazhong
University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430074，China）
Abstract： For view-based object recognition，the authors introduced the local image information into image similarity measurement，presented a new image distance measurement，and imbed it into Kernel function used in support vector machines（SVM）. a new kernel-local Chi-square distance based kernel was constructed. Experiments showed that it outperforms some methods such as non-linear SVM，Discriminant Tensor Rank-One Decomposition（DTROD），Sparse Network of Winnows（SNW）and so on.
Key words: Object classification； SVM； Local chi-square distance； DTROD； SNW
25. 利用CBuilder中的Office组件来生成证书 编辑：李燕
董 常1， 潘 柳2
（1.重庆邮电大学自动化学院，重庆 400065；2.西南电子技术研究所，四川 成都 610036）
摘 要：针对目前测试数据生成规范化证书的要求，详细的阐述了利用C++ Builder中的Office组件自动调用Word文档的方法，该方法为测试数据的输出提供了极大的便利，并且在现代化的测试计量技术中也具有广阔的实用前景。通过对实现Word调用的两种方法的比较，表述了利用Word调用生成证书的具体过程。该方法是对仪器仪表自动测量系统的一个完善，不仅较大地提高了工作效率，而且还能节约一定的成本。
关键词：C++ Builder；Word文档；WordApplication组件；源代码
中图分类号：TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0084-03
Certificate creating using office groupware in cbuilder
DONG Chang1， PAN Liu2
（1.School of Automation，Chongqin University of Posts and Telecommunications，Chongqin 400065 China；
2.Southwest Institute of Electronic Technology，Chengdu 610036，China）
Abstract: Method about how to create automatically by Office groupware of C++ Builder was elaborated according to the requirement of current standardization certificates. Method greatly improved the convenience of the date-testing output， and also had wide and applicable foreground in modern testing and measurement technology. Two methods of Word document transfer were compared， and detailed process of creating the certificate by Word was enumerated. This method perfect auto-testing system of instruments， highly promoting working efficiency，and saving cost.
Key words: C++ Builder；Word document；Word application groupware；Original resource code
26. 数位式音频处理器设计 编辑：李燕
叶 川， 伍川辉
（西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：随着微电子技术的迅速发展，微处理器和单片机的应用越来越深入和广泛。目前，它也广泛用于音频视频技术中。利用数位式音频处理器件对声音信号进行数字处理的设计方案，突出点在于利用单片机和虚拟仪器技术相结合对话筒输入信号进行延时、调九段均衡、左右声道等操作。数位式音效处理器支持I2C总线，I2C总线最大优点就是简单性和有效性。利用LabWindows/CVI半图形化语言设计的软面板界面友好，易操作。
关键词：LabWindows/CVI；虚拟仪器；5510M-A；音频处理；单片机
中图分类号：TP273+.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0087-03
Design of digitally audio processor
YE Chuan， WU Chuan-hui
（School of Mechanical and Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: With rapid development of MCU technique， microprocessor and microcomputer are widely used. They are also used in audio and video technology extensively. This project process the sound signal utilized digitally audio processor. MCU technique and virtual instrument technique were utilized to delay the mike input signal， adjust sound channel， etc. The digitally audio processor supported I2C bus which was simple and effective. Soft panel programmed by LabWindows/CVI was very friendly and wieldy.
Key words: LabWindows/CVI；Virtual instrument；5510M-A；Sound processing；MCU
27. 基于DCS的常规靶场分布式测试系统研究 编辑：李燕
黄 珊， 宋玉贵
（西安工业大学光电工程学院，陕西 西安 710032）
摘 要：目前，常规靶场的生产自动化水平低下，不能满足多科目综合性测试任务的需要，已经严重制约了企业靶场的发展。针对这种现状,借鉴工业中广泛应用的分布式控制系统(DCS)，将其应用于常规靶场测试，构建了一套多靶道分布式测试系统，系统中引入先进的CAN现场总线，实现了对多弹道和多参数的同时测量，该系统具有很好的通用性和开放性，应用价值甚高。
关键词：分布式控制系统；现场总线；组态软件；分布式测试系统；工业以太网
中图分类号：TP274， TJ06 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0090-04
Study on distributed measurement system of conventional range based on DCS
HUANG Shan， SONG Yu-gui
（School of Opto-electronic Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China）
Abstract: At present, the automation of conventional range is low. It can not satisfy the requirements for multi-subject comprehensive tests, and it already severely restricted the development of enterprise range. A set of distributed measurement system for multi-target road was constructed to overcome the present shortcomings through applying distributed control system（(DCS） which was already widely used in industry in conventional range test. In order to make this system can measure multi-parameter for multi-target road at the same time, it the advanced CAN fieldbus was adopted in it. The results indicate that this system has good compatibility, and it has good application prospects.
Key words: Distributed control system; Fieldbus; Configuration software; Distributed measurement system; Fast ethernet
28. 用74LS148芯片实现32线-5线优先编码器 编辑：李燕
康裕荣1， 康向东2
（1.江西理工大学机电工程学院，江西 赣州 341000；2.江西理工大学建筑与测绘学院，江西 赣州 341000）
摘 要：74LS148芯片是8线-3线优先编码器。如果要得到32线-5线优先编码器，可以通过列单块74LS148芯片的简化真值表，列32线-5线优先编码器的简化真值表，找出32线-5线优先编码器的每一个输出与每块74LS148的扩展端YEX的关系，与每块74LS148输出的关系。利用74LSL148的选通输入端S、选通输出端YS、扩展端YEX就可用四块74LS148芯片构成32线-5线优先编码器。
关键词：优先编码器；有效电平；选通输入端；选通输出端；扩展端；简化真值表
中图分类号：TN431.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0094-03
Prepare priority encoder of circuit 32-5 with 74LS148 chip
KANG Yu-rong1， KANG Xiang-dong2
（1.School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering，Jiangxi University of Science and Technology，Ganzhou 341000，China；
2.School of Architectural and Mapping Engineering，Jangxi University of Science and Technology，Ganzhou 341000,China）
Abstract: Preparing priority encoder of circuit 32-5 with 74LS148 chip, a priority encoder of circuit 8-3 was introduced. Relationships between eath output of circuit 32-5 priority encoder and esch terminal expansion YEX plus each output of 74LS148 were established through comparing the simplified truth table of single 74LS148 chip and that of circuit 32-5 priority encoder.Then,circuit 32-5 priority encoder could be prepared with four 74LS148 chips by using their strobe input S, strobe output YS , and terminal expansion YEX.
Key words: Priority encoder; Effective level; Strobe input; Strobe output; Terminal expanded; Simplified truth table
29. 基于USB接口的测硫仪设计 编辑：李燕
陈棣湘， 唐 莺， 潘孟春
（国防科技大学机电工程与自动化学院，湖南 长沙 410073）
摘 要：设计了基于USB接口的测硫仪，重点对智能控制器中的电解电流控制模块、炉温控制模块和数据采集模块进行了介绍。利用热电偶实现炉温的测量，采用具有USB接口的微处理器完成测量过程的控制和数据传输任务，并设计了高精度的信号放大和数据采集电路来保证仪器的性能，同时还对测试结果进行了精度分析。结果表明，仪器的测量精度满足国家标准。
关键词：测硫仪；USB；智能控制器；热电偶；数据采集；误差分析
中图分类号：TD711+.43， TP334.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0097-03
Design of sulfur determination device based on USB interface
CHEN Di-xiang， TANG Ying， PAN Meng-chun
（College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China）
Abstract： Sulfur determination device based on Universal Serial Bus interface was designed. The electrolytic current control module， furnace temperature control module and data acquisition module in intelligent controller were introduced with emphasis. Thermocouple was used to measure the furnace temperature. Microprocessor with USB interface was adopted to achieve measurement course control and data transmission. Signal amplifier as well as data acquisition circuit with high accuracy was designed to guarantee the performance of the device. Analysis result indicates the measurement accuracy of the sulfur determination device satisfies national standard.
Key words: Sulfur determination device；Universal serial bus；Intelligent controller；Thermocouple；Data acquisition； Error analysis
30. 甲醛气体传感器研究进展 编辑：李燕
祝艳涛1， 方 正2， 罗建波1， 但德忠1
（1.四川大学建筑与环境学院，四川 成都 610065；2.中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：甲醛是室内空气的主要污染物之一，随着人们对室内空气污染的日益关注，对甲醛的准确及时检测显得更加重要。目前检测甲醛气体最为快速的方法就是传感器法。在综合分析了国内外甲醛气体传感器的研究现状的基础上，着重就测定甲醛的电化学传感器、基于化学发光的传感器、金属氧化物传感器、电子鼻、声表面波传感器的特性进行了阐述与剖析，指出了甲醛气体传感器存在的问题，并预测了其发展趋势。
关键词：甲醛；气体传感器；测定；进展；综述
中图分类号：TP212.1， TQ463+.24 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0100-05
Research development on gaseous formaldehyde sensors
ZHU Yan-tao1， FANG Zheng2， LUO Jian-bo1， DAN De-zhong1
（1.School of Architecture and Environment，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China；
2.National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: Formaldehyde is one of main pollutions in indoor air. Along with people’s increasing attentions on indoor air pollutions，accurate and rapid formaldehyde determination looks much more important. At present，the most rapid formaldehyde determination is the method with sensor. Therefore, features of those formaldehyde gas sensors such as electrochemical sensors, chemiluminescence sensors, metal oxide sensors, electronic noses and surface acoustic wave sensors were emphatically described and investigated based on comprehensive analyses of research statuses of formaldehyde gas sensors in home and abroad. Problems of those formaldehyde gas sensors were pointed out and their development trends were predicted.
Key words: Formaldehyde； Gas sensor； Determination； Development； Review
31. 便携式PPM性能测试装置的设计 编辑：李燕
程 杨， 伍川辉
（西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：该测试装置是一种用于柱塞泵与柱塞马达（Piston Pump & Motor）液压试验台的便携式性能测试装置。把该装置与HEDLAND公司生产的Flo-tech系列的涡轮流量传感器连接，可以对温度、流量、压力进行测量，并通过上位机软件的数据处理，可以得出被测PPM的性能报告。该装置基于C8051F206单片机，采用CP2102实现了USB的功能，该装置具有精度高、噪声低、抗干扰能力强等特点，经实际使用证明本装置具有很强的市场推广价值。
关键词：C8051F206；CP2102；采样；PPM；USB
中图分类号：TH322， TP334.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0105-03
Performance test device design of portable PPM
CHENG Yang， WU Chuan-hui
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract： This test set is a sort of portable device which could be used on Piston Pump & Motor(PPM) hydraulic pressure experiment table. Connected the set with the turbine flow sensor of the series of Flo-tech produced by HEDLAND company， temperature， flux and humidity could be tested. And the performance report of the measured PPM could be gained by the data processing software of PC .This system based on the C8051F206 singlechip and used CP2102 to achieve the function of USB. The structure of hardware and software was gone into particulars. This set has some characteristics such as high precision， low yawp and strong anti-jamming capability. And it is proved that this test set has very strong market generalize value by practice.
Key words： C8051F206；CP2102；Sampling；PPM；USB
32. 高效液相色谱法（HPLC）在RoHS检测中的应用研究 编辑：李燕
邵明武， 丁中华， 王 覃
（中国计量科学研究院化学计量与分析科学研究所，北京 100013）
摘 要：测试比较了四溴到十溴等十一种多溴二苯醚（PBDE）的紫外吸收强度，发现不仅含溴原子数相同的同分异构体质量响应因子相近，溴原子数相近的多溴二苯醚质量响应因子亦相近，据此提出针对RoHS检测中标准品不可得或标准品昂贵的现实，可以用同分异构体或溴原子数相近的同聚物标准品进行定量测试。以十溴二苯醚为标准，实际测量九溴二苯醚BDE206和BDE207，准确度分别为115％、99.3％，精密度小于2％。
关键词：RoHS检测；HPLC；PBDE；紫外吸收强度
中图分类号：TQ124.5，TB97 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0108-02
HPLC application research for RoHS testing
SHAO Ming-wu， DING Zhong-hua， WANG Tan
（Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science Division，National Institute of Metrology，Beijing 100013，China）
Abstract： UV absorptions of eleven PBDEs from tetra-BDE to deca-BDE, were measurd and compared. The results showed that when the bromine numbers of PBDEs were equal or near, their mass response factors were alike. According to the above, congener reference materials with the same or near bromine number could be used as reference materials for PBDEs which were not available or expensive at present.e.g. Deca-BDE was used as reference material for nona-BDE （BDE-206 and BDE-207） determination, their accuracies were 115% and 99.3% respectively, and their RSDs were both less than 2%. And this method could be expected as a reference for PBDE screening researches with GC/MS and XRF.
Key words： RoHS testing； HPLC； PBDE； UV absorption
33. 同位素稀释质谱法测定聚丙烯塑料中Pb的含量 编辑：李燕
冯流星， 马联弟
（中国计量科学研究院化学计量与分析科学研究所，北京 100013）
摘 要：采用同位素稀释电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ID-ICP-MS）测定了聚丙烯塑料中Pb元素的含量。样品处理采用高压密封焖罐酸溶样技术，将样品与207Pb稀释剂混合，通过所加稀释剂的量和测量混合样品中208Pb/ 207Pb的丰度比，准确计算出样品中Pb元素的含量，同时对测量结果的不确定度进行了分析和评定。该方法与传统方法相比具有准确性高、不确定度小、受外界污染及样品损失影响小等优势，适用于国家计量单位对标准物质进行定值。
关键词：同位素稀释质谱法；铅；聚丙烯
中图分类号：TP274， TL817+.4， TD862.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0110-03
Determination of Pb content in polypropylene with ID-ICP-MS
FENG Liu-xing， MA lian-di
（Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science Division，National Institute of Metrology，Beijing 100013，China)
Abstract： Pb content of polypropylene sample was determined by isotope dilution ICP-MS. The sample was digested with the solvent HNO3 /H2O2 in high-pressure vessel, and it was mixed with isotope dilution 207Pb. Then, the Pb content could be determined through measuring the spike addition and the ratio of 208Pb/207Pb. Also, the measurement uncertainty was analyzed and evaluated. Comparing with traditional method, this method indicates good accuracy and small uncertainty. And the interference and Pb loss during the pretreatment process have less impact on this method. Thus, it is more suitable for reference material certifications of national metrology institutes.
Key words： ID-ICP-MS; Pb; Polypropylene
34. 应用原子荧光光谱法测定家电产品中铬（Ⅵ）的方法研究 编辑：李燕
闫 军， 高 峰
（北京出入境检验检疫局，北京 100029）
摘 要：本方法应用原子荧光光谱法测定电子电气产品中铬（Ⅵ）的含量，为了适应RoHS中各种复杂样品的检测以及改善样品消解等诸多实际问题，本文进行了研究。其相对标准偏差（RSD）：2.03%；检出限：0.064 6 mg/L；线性范围宽，校准曲线的线性相关系数应大于0.999等。有效地将铬（Ⅵ）与铬（III）分离，并有效地消除基体干扰等，完全能够适应电子电气产品中铬（Ⅵ）的测定。
关键词：原子荧光光谱法；家电产品；铬（Ⅵ）；方法研究
中图分类号：TD861.3， TH744.16 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0113-05
Atom fluorescence spectrum application research for Cr（Ⅵ）
determination of domestic electron products
YAN Jun， GAO Feng
（Beijing Enit-Extry Inspction and Quarantine Bureau，Beijing 100029，China）
Abstract： In order to satisfy the measurement requirements of various complicated RoHS samples, improve sample digesting, and resolve a lot of other actual problems, atom fluorescence spectrum method was applied to determine the chromium （Ⅵ） contents of domestic electron products. The relative standard deviation （RSD） of this method was 2.03%, the limit of detection was 0.006 4 mg/L, the linear correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was larger than 0.999 and the linear range was much wider. Also, the responses of chromium （Ⅵ） and chromium （Ⅲ） could be separated and the matrix interferences could be reduced efficiently. Thus, this method could be used to determine chromium （Ⅵ） in electron products.
Key words： Atom fluorescence spectrum method; Electron products; Chromium（VI）; Investigation
35. ED－XRF在RoHS筛选测试中的实际应用 编辑：李燕
王成学， 王 祺， 张玉玲， 张林彬
（泉峰（中国）贸易有限公司测试中心，江苏 南京 211106）
摘 要：为了解决电动工具行业在应对RoHS测试中面临的测试样品量大、成本高等问题，根据大量的ED-XRF测试经验及数据统计，对电动工具的各个零部件进行了风险性评估。应用能量型X射线荧光光谱分析技术和原子吸收光谱技术进行样品的RoHS测试对比。实验表明了能量型X射线荧光光谱分析技术应用在RoHS筛选测试中所发挥的巨大作用及存在的不足。
关键词：能量色散型X－射线荧光光谱仪；原子吸收光谱仪；RoHS；Pb；Cd；Cr
中图分类号：TD861.3， TH744.16 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0118-04
Application of ED－XRF in RoHS screening test
WANG Cheng-xue， WANG Qi， ZHANG Yu-ling， ZHANG Lin-bin
（Chervon （China） Trading Co.，Ltd. Testing Center，Nanjing 211106，China）
Abstract： In order to resolve the problems of large amounts of samples and high cost in RoHS testing, we used a lot of ED-XRF testing experience and datas to evaluate the risk of the materials in power tools. Energy Dispersive X－Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry were compared to test RoHS samples. The results showed the large contribution in RoHS screening testing and the disadvantage of Energy Dispersive X－Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry.
Key words： ED－XRF；AAS；RoHS；Pb；Cd；Cr
36. 辛辣蔬菜中有机磷农药残留测定方法的探讨 编辑：李燕
李建军， 朱莉萍
（潍坊市出入境检验检疫局，山东 潍坊 261041）
摘 要：采用GC2010日本岛津气相色谱仪、氮磷检测器（FTD），毛细管气相色谱法测定辛辣蔬菜中5种有机磷农药的残留量，并与Agilent 6890N气相色谱仪的FPD检测器测定结果进行了比较，实验证明，5种有机磷农药在岛津FTD上能够得到更好的分离，辛辣物质干扰减少，定性、定量更加准确。本方法检测限0.005 mg/kg，加标范围0.005 mg/kg~0.1 mg/kg；回收率80%~110%之间，变异系数<5%，符合残留监控的要求。
关键词：毛细管气相色谱；有机磷农药残留；辛辣蔬菜
中图分类号：S649， TQ455.4+3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0122-03
Determination of organophosphorus residues in pungent vegetable
LI Jian-jun， ZHU Li-ping
（Weifang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau，Weifang 261041，China）
Abstract： Concentrations of five organophosphorus residues in pungent vegetable were determined by Shimazu 2010 gas chromatography（GC） with FTD and capillary column. And the analysis results were compared with those determined by Agilent 6890N GC also with FTD. The comparisons showed that these 5 residues could be better separated by the method using Shimazu 2010 GC with FTD， and this method had less pungent substance interference， as well as more accurate for qualitative and quantitative analyses. And it could conform to the requirements for residue measurements according to the following indicators: its LOD was 0.005mg/kg， the recoveries were from 80% to 110% when adding 0.005mg/kg~0.1mg/kg standards to the blank samples， and its variation coefficient was lower than 5%.
Key words： Capillary gas chromatography； Organophosphorus residues； Pungent vegetable
37. 采用AFLP分析齐口裂腹鱼DNA指纹的技术探讨 编辑：李燕
宋 君1，3， 张 容2， 宋昭彬3， 郭灵安1， 王 东1， 雷绍荣1*
（1.四川省农业科学院分析测试中心，四川 成都 610066；2.中国医学科学院输血研究所，四川 成都610000；
3.四川大学生命科学学院，四川 成都 610064）
摘 要：AFLP（选择性扩增片断长度多态性）指纹技术被认为是当今最有效的DNA指纹分析技术之一，但是由于该技术操作流程较长，对模板DNA质量要求较高以及PCR反应成分等变数条件的影响，要获得高清晰的DNA指纹图谱比较困难。文中以齐口裂腹鱼为研究对象，对AFLP的分析条件作了一定的探索。结果表明：基因组DNA必须是高纯度、高分子量；酶切充分；PCR反应最佳条件为：引物E-XYZ，M-XYZ在体系中的浓度分别为1 ng/mL，5 ng/mL；dNTPs浓度为0.2 mmol/L；MgCl2浓度为1.9 mmol/L。银染时在NaOH条件下显色比在传统银染法中的Na2CO3条件下显色，图谱背景更干净，条带更清晰。
关键词：AFLP；基因组DNA制备；条件优化；银染
中图分类号：Q523， Q959.483 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0125-03
Discussion on analyzing DNA fingerprint of schizothorax prenanti with AFLP
SONG Jun 1，3， ZHANG Rong2， SONG Zhao-bin3， GUO Ling-an1， WANG Dong1， LEI Shao-rong1
（1.Center of Analysis and Testing，Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610066，China；
2.Institute of Blood Transfusion，Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences，Chengdu 610000，China；
3.School of life Sciences，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China）
Abstract： AFLP （Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism） fingerprinting was regarded as one of the most useful techniques in nowadays for DNA fingerprint analysis, but sometimes it was difficult to obtain a perfect DNA fingerprint graph for many factors such as much longer operating processes for this technology, more high quality requirements for DNA templates, more variable for PCR ingredients and so on. Schizothorax prenanti was regarded as the research focus of this article, and the optimum AFLP condition was suggested. The results indicated that genome DNA must be high purification and high molecular weight, and DNA template must be fully digested if perfect DNA fingerprint graphs were expected. The optimum reaction conditions for PCR: the concentrations for E-XYZ and M-XYZ in system were 1 ng/ml and 5 ng/ml respectively, and those for dNTPs and MgCl2 were 0.2 mmol/L， and 1.9 mmol/L respectively. If the sliver-stain processed in NaOH other than in Na2CO3, much clearer DNA fingerprint bands and much cleaner background of fingerprint graph could be obtained.
Key words： AFLP; Genome DNA preparation; Condition optimization; Sliver-stain
38. 石板坡长江大桥多通道光纤珐珀应变测量系统 编辑：李燕
甘 雄， 朱 永， 章 鹏， 陈伟民
（重庆大学光电技术及系统教育部重点试验室，重庆 400044）
摘 要：应变是表征桥梁安全状态的重要指标。依据光纤珐珀应变传感器的特点以及石板坡长江大桥的实际情况，设计出多通道光纤珐珀应变测量系统。该测量系统成功地实现了光纤、光电测量技术、计算机技术和土木工程技术的交叉融合，实现了大型连续桥梁应变自动测量。运行结果表明，该测量系统具有一定的可行性和可靠性。
关键词：光纤珐珀传感器；应变；安全监测；桥梁结构；傅里叶变换
中图分类号：TP212.14， TH823+.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0128-03
Multi-channel fiber optical fabry-perot strain testing system for the shibanpo yangtze river bridge
GAN Xiong， ZHU Yong， ZHANG Peng， CHEN Wei-min
（Key Laboratory，Optoelectronic Technology and System Education Ministry，
Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China）
Abstract： Structure strain is one of the important parameters of representing bridge safety condition. Multi-channel fiber optic Fabry-perot strain testing system were designed depending on situation of Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge and characteristic of fiber optic Fabry-perot strain sensor. This system realized amalgamation of fiber， photoelectricity testing technology， computer technology and civil engineering technology， and realized strain auto-testing of large-scale continuous bridge. The result indicates that this system has some feasibility and dependability.
Key words: Fiber optical fabry-perot sensor；Strain；Safety monitoring；Bridge structure；Fourier transform
39. 基于组态软件和PLC的机翼精加工水平测控系统 编辑：李燕
杨 汉， 袁中凡
（四川大学制造科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610065）
摘 要：利用Modbus通信协议及工业控制计算机（IPC）、组态软件、可编程控制器（PLC）、位移传感器设计开发出机翼精加工水平测控系统。该系统实现了自动/手动自由切换控制、数据的集中管理、传感器的校正、故障报警及检测等多方面功能，为精加工的快速、精确、安全运行提供了保证。该系统投入运行后，较好地实现了工艺控制要求，测控过程稳定可靠，具有较高的性价比，是一种较经济的测控系统。
关键词：组态软件；PLC；Modbus；精加工；传感器校正
中图分类号：V224， TP391.76 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0131-03
Aerofoil finish machining level measuring and control system
based on configuration software and PLC
YANG Han， YUAN Zhong-fan
（School of Manufacturing and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）
Abstract： The paper introduced aerofoil finish machining level measuring and control system with the use of modbus protocol, industrial control computer, configuration software, PLC and sensor. The system realized functions such as manual/automatic control, data concentrative management, sensor calibration, fault alarm and diagnose. This system can ensure rapid, accurate and safe operation of aerofoil finish machining. The system is more economical in comparison with other field bus control system.
Key words: Configuration software； PLC; Modbus; Finish machining; Sensor calibration
40. 虚拟仪器技术在谐波检测系统中的应用研究 编辑：李燕
郭 亮1， 鹿 剑2， 应 昕3
（1．新疆产品质量监督检验研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830017；2．新疆特种设备检验研究院，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000；
3．新疆工业高等专科学校，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830091）
摘 要：指出了电力系统中谐波问题的严重性，并就常见的电力系统谐波的分析方法及优缺点进行了概括。重点阐述了采用傅里叶变换的方法对谐波进行检测和分析的原理，对虚拟仪器技术的特点和优点并与传统仪器分析技术进行了初步对比。最后，给出了基于虚拟仪器技术的电力系统谐波检测和分析系统的软、硬件组成，并简要分析了该系统的运行结果。
关键词：谐波；虚拟仪器；傅里叶变换
中图分类号：TP391.9， TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0134-04
Application of virtual instrument technique to harmonic detecting system
GUO Liang1， LU Jian2， YING Xin3
（1.Xinjiang Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection，Urumqi 830017，China；
2.Xinjiang Institute of Special Test Equipment，Urumqi 830000，China；
3.Xinjiang Industrial College，Urumqi 830091，China）
Abstract： The seriousness of harmonic in power system was introduced , and those common analysis methods of it plus their advantages and disadvantages were briefly reviewed. The principle for harmonic detecting and analyzing based on Fourier transformation was focused on. Then features and advantages of virtual instrument techmique plus its differences from traditional instrument analyzing techniques were stated briefly. Finally, software/hardware components of harmonic detecting and analyzing system based on virtual instrument technique for power system were suggested, operation results of this system were also analyzed.
Key words： Harmonic; Virtual instrument; Fourier transformation
41. 红外测温技术在烧结成品监控系统中的应用 编辑：李燕
韩书新
（济南钢铁集团总公司，山东 济南 250101）
摘 要：通过对远程红外测温技术在烧结成品系统中应用情况介绍，说明了整个系统的工作原理。此项技术的应用不仅解决了多年来一直制约烧结生产的实际问题，给生产控制和操作带来了方便，稳定了产品质量而且还减轻了岗位工人的劳动强度，改善了工作环境，减少了工人在高温及粉尘环境中的暴露时间，具有明显的社会效益、经济效益和环境效益。
关键词：红外测温；烧结生产；监控；红料；带冷机；冷却效果
中图分类号：O551.2， TF532+.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）01-0138-03
Application of infrared temperature-measuring to monitoring system
of finished sintered product
HAN Shu-xin
（Jinan Steel
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