 目录摘要
1. 油气管道外防腐层PCM评价技术研究 编辑：李燕
喻建胜1,2， 张 鹏1, 何 莎1,2， 王文韬2
（1.西南石油大学，四川 成都 610500；2.四川石油管理局安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉 618300）
摘 要：针对外防腐层质量优劣直接影响油气管道能否安全运行，通过对PCM工作原理的分析，说明外防腐层的优劣程度与外防腐层绝缘特性参数有关，而绝缘特性参数又可以通过PCM接收仪上的电流变化率的变化间接地反应出来，说明了该种评价方法理论上是可行的。同时文中还分析了PCM检测中的各种影响因素，并将该方法运用到长输管道外防腐层的检测和评价中，证实该方法是行之有效的。
关键词：油气管道；外防腐层；PCM；评价
中图分类号：TE832；TE988 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0001-03
PCM inspection technology study for external anticorrosive coatings of oil and gas pipelines
YU Jian-sheng1，2， ZHANG Peng1， HE Sha1，2， WANG Wen-tao2
（1.Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；
2.Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Sichuan Petroleum，
Guanghan 618300,China）
Abstract： It heavy depends on the quality of the external anticorrosive coating for the safety in oil and gas pipeline working. The working theory of pipeline current mapper（PCM） was analyzed， which shows the external anticorrosive coating quality has to do with its insulating parameter Rg， moreover， the change of the electric current IdB in PCM receiver could indirectly reflect the parameter Rg . Thus， PCM testing and inspection method is feasible in theory. At the same time， most factors which would influence this method were analyzed too. At last， this method was used to test and inspect a long-distance pipeline， which proved its validity.
Key words： Oil and gas pipeline； External anticorrosive coating； PCM； Inspection
编辑：liyan
2. 茶叶中的多酚类物质及其分析方法综述
谭和平1， 邹 燕1，2， 叶善蓉1， 陈 丽1
（1.中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021；2.四川大学化工学院，四川 成都 610064）
摘 要：文章就茶叶中多酚类物质及其分析方法现状进行了系统性的介绍，并着重对高锰酸钾滴定法、分光光度法、红外光谱法、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）等主要分析方法进行了评述，提出了用HPLC-DAD-MS建立一种稳定的、快速的、适用范围广，且一次性测定茶叶中多种不同组成的多酚类物质的方法。
关键词：多酚；定量分析；测定；高效液相色谱；茶
中图分类号：TS272.5；TS272.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0004-08
Review of tea polyphenols analyses for tea
TAN He-ping1， ZOU Yan1，2， YE Shan-rong1， CHEN Li1
（1.National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China；
2.College of Chemistry and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China）
Abstract: Tea polyohenols and the present research status of their determinations were reviewed in this article， and the primary determination methods of tea polyohenols were systematically introduced， some of them such as KMnO4 titration method，spectrophotometry， infrared spectroscopy， high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and so on were discussed. According to the above， a method with HPLC-DAD-MS was proposed to determine most polyohenols in tea simultaneously， which is stable， rapid and more useful.
Key words: Tea polyohenols； Quantitative analysis； Determination； HPLC； Tea
编辑：liyan
3. 温度副基准装置地震前后数据比对分析及论证
赵 晶， 陈桂生
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：为了考核和验证温度副基准装置在汶川5•12地震后的准确性和可靠性，对该装置进行了复现试验。通过对地震前后的数据比对分析和论证，表明温度副基准装置与震前数据保持一致。装置在地震前后的变化差值优于0.6 mK，重复性优于0.2 mK，满足量值传递的要求，也为我国西部地区温度量值溯源和传递的准确一致提供了保证。
关键词：温度副基准；地震；温标；复现；固定点；铂电阻温度计
中图分类号：TB942；TM930.114 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0012-04
Comparison analysis and demonstration of post/pre-earthquake repetition data for
national secondary standard temperature device
ZHAO Jing， CHEN Gui-sheng
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract： After the disastrous wenchuan earthquake happened in may 12， 2008， repetition experiments were carried out to confim the accuracy and reliability of the national secondary standard temperature device by national institute of measurement and testing technology. The comparison analyses and demonstration results of the data collected before and after the earthquake indicate that the data of the national secondary standard temperature device maintain consistent. In detail， its change differential value before and after the earthquake is less than 0.6 mK， its standard deviation is less than 0.2 mK， which show this national secondary standard temperature device can satisfy the requirements for value transfer. Thus it can support the temperature value trace and transfer in west China accurately and uniformly.
Key words： National secondary standards of temperature device； Earthquake； Temperature-Scale； Repetition； Fixed point； Platinum resistance thermometer
编辑：liyan
4. 基于室内台架模拟汽车性能测量与控制系统的试验研究
刘元鹏
（交通部公路科学研究院，北京 100088）
摘 要：通过对室内台架模拟汽车性能检测运行工况试验，研究了道路模拟装置--汽车底盘测功机的测量系统计量能力和扭力、速度、距离、功率误差以及恒速控制、恒力控制、控制稳定时间，确定了系统误差技术指标要求和试验方法，并采用滑行法和反拖法对底盘测功机内部损失功率进行了功率补偿比对验证，有利于保障汽车性能检测的准确性。
关键词：汽车底盘测功机；测量系统；控制系统；误差；功率补偿；试验研究
中图分类号：U467.4；U467.5+25 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0016-04
Experimental study on measurement and control system based on indoor
bench simulating vehicle performance
LIU Yuan-peng
（Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Communications，Beijing 100088，China）
Abstract： By simulating operating model of vehicle performance test on indoor bench， measuring range of system and other performance parameters of road simulator called automobile chassis dynamometer are studied in this paper， such as torsion， velocity， distance， power error， constant velocity control， constant force control and stability time control. The technical requirements for system error and experimental method are also proposed. In order to improve the accuracy of performance test， antitheses tests have been done with coasting-down method and anti-drawing method to compensate automobile chassis dynamometer for internal power-loss.
Key words： Automobile chassis dynamometer； Measurement system； Control system； Error； Power compensation； Experimental study
Editor：liyan
5. 呼吸机气路自动标定系统设计
易韦韦， 张 玘， 王跃科
（国防科学技术大学机电工程与自动化学院，湖南 长沙 410073）
摘 要：医疗仪器呼吸机在出厂前需要对气路部分的两个比例阀和流量传感器进行标定。针对目前标定方法效率低，工作量大的现状，采用虚拟仪器技术和数据处理技术，利用LabVIEW设计了一套对呼吸机快速而有效的自动标定系统。结果表明，该系统工作性能可靠，标定精度满足实际应用需要，较原采用的标定方法效率提高了十几倍。
关键词：呼吸机；比例阀；流量传感器；标定；LabVIEW
中图分类号：R56；TH776 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0020-03
Design of auto-calibration system for ventilator gas paths
YI Wei-wei， ZHANG Qi， WANG Yue-ke
（School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China）
Abstract: Two proportional valves and flow sensors in gas paths of ventilators， one kind of medical equipments should be calibrated before they left factory. A rapid and effective auto-calibration system for ventilator was designed with LabVIEW， virtual instrument technology and data processing technology to overcome the low efficiency and heavy workload of current calibration methods. The results indicated that the performance of this system was reliable， its calibration accuracy could meet the requirements of practical application， and its efficiency was improved at least 10 times compared with that of current calibration methods.
Key words: Ventilator； Proportional valve； Flow sensor； Calibration； LabVIEW
6. 滴点测定仪温度测试系统的优化设计
李 咏， 刘旭栋
（解放军5719厂，四川 彭州 611936）
摘 要：该文阐述了滴点测定仪温度测试系统的优化设计原理、方法及试验对比，研究证明：优化设计后的滴点测定仪温度测试系统用于替代玻璃温度计显示温度，其在玻璃液体温度计准确度的基础上，其分辨力和准确度有较大提高和改善，并实现了模拟显示到数字显示和记录的转变，便于计量确认，进一步提高了试验准确性和可靠性。
关键词：滴点；温度测试系统；感温传感器；对比试验
中图分类号：TE626.4；TB942 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0023-03
Optimum design of temperature test system for dropping-point tester
LI Yong， LIU Xu-dong
（No.5719 Factory of The PLA，Pengzhou 611936，China）
Abstract： Optimum design principle， method and test comparison of temperature test system for dropping-point tester are introduced in this article. The research proved that， the temperature test system of dropping-point tester can be used to replace glass thermometer to indicate temperature after optimum design， and its resolution and accuracy have been greatly improved comparing with those of glass thermometer. The transition from analogue indication to digital indication and record has also been realized. Thus， it can help to make measuring easy and to improve the accuracy and reliability of temperature measurement.
Key words： Dropping-point； Temperature test system； Temperature probe； Comparison test
7. 三种谐波电流检测方法的比较研究
韦 炜1， 赵晓瑛2， 邵 军3， 王安娜1
（1．西安文理学院机械电子工程系，陕西 西安 710065；2.中国飞机强度研究所，陕西 西安 710065；
3．西安理工大学机械与精密仪器工程学院，陕西 西安 710048）
摘 要：谐波电流检测方法有许多种，针对目前多数文献只对某一算法的性能进行研究，并未对多种算法进行稳态和暂态性能进行综合性能比较。该文对基于瞬时无功功率法、自适应法和单位功率因数（Unity Power Factor，UPF）法三种检测方法进行了仿真研究，并给出了稳态和暂态状态下谐波检测的仿真验证。MATLAB仿真结果表明，在三种算法中ip、iq法的稳态滤波的稳定性最好，而单位功率因数法的综合性能最好。
关键词：谐波；检测；瞬时无功功率；自适应；单位功率因数
中图分类号：TM933.13；TM934.114 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0026-04
Comparason study of three harmonic current detecting methods
WEI Wei1， ZHAO Xiao-ying2， SHAO Jun3， WANG An-na1
（1.School of Mechanic and Electronic Engineering，Xi’an University of Arts and Science，Xi’an 710065，China；
2.Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China，Xi’an 710065，China；
3.School of Mechanical and Precise Instrument Engineering，Xi’an University of Technology，Xi’an 710048，China）
Abstract： At present there are many harmonic current detecting methods， and most literatures study on one of them only and seldom compare the compositive properties of those methods in steady and transient states. Simulation researches were carried out for three harmonic current detecting methods， i.e. instantaneous reactive power detecting method， self-adaptive detecting method and UPF （Unity Power Factor） detecting method， and both steady plus transient characteristics were simulated with MATLAB/SIMULINK development plat. The simulation results indicate that the steady wave filtering of detecting method ip、iq has the best stability and the UPF detecting method has the best compositive properties.
Key words： Harmonic wave； Detection； Instantaneous reactive power； Self-adaptation； UPF
8. 螺纹环规检验与测量方法的可靠性分析
梁 平
（广东省计量科学研究院，广东 广州 510405）
摘 要：针对我国目前在螺纹环规测量方法中存在的问题，根据其测量原理进行了可靠性分析。提出了对于螺距不大于0.5 mm的螺纹环规，采用校对规检验作用中径及单一中径；而对于螺距大于0.5 mm的螺纹环规，则采用校对规检验作用中径，双球法测量单一中径。该方法可以克服螺纹环规现行测量方法的不足，减少误判的风险，得到更可靠的结果。
关键词：螺纹环规；测量；中径
中图分类号：TG85；TM930.115 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0030-02
Reliability analysis of checking and measuring thread ring-gauge
LIANG Ping
（Guangdong Institute of Metrology，Guangzhou 510405，China）
Abstract： At present there are problems in thread ring-gauge checking and measuring， so the reliability of its checking and measuring is analyzed according to its measurement principle. And relatively new method for thread ring-gauge checking and measuring has been proposed. In the case of that the pitch is not more than 0.5 mm， the calibration gauge has been used to inspect the functional diameter and the single pitch diameter. And in the case of that the pitch is over 0.5 mm， the calibration gauge has been used to inspect the functional diameter and the double-ball method has been used to measure the single pitch diameter. This method can overcome the shortcomings of the current ways for thread ring-gauge checking and measuring， reduce the risks of wrong estimation and get more reliable measurement results.
Key words： Thread ring-gauge； Measure； Pitch diameter
9. 工业铂电阻智能检定系统的开发和应用
张 萍
（中国工程物理研究院计量测试中心，四川 绵阳 621900）
摘 要：论述了工业铂电阻自动检定装置的系统硬件结构和软件设计流程，包括各个组成部分的功能及工作原理。目的在于提高检定的准确度和效率，并实时进行分析和计算。利用计算机技术，设计了工业铂电阻的自动检定系统。通过实际工业铂电阻的检定过程全面介绍了系统的应用和操作流程。系统设计先进、结构合理、软件功能齐全、操作方便、界面美观大方，具有量值传递准确可靠、抗干扰能力强等一系列突出特点。
关键词：工业铂电阻；GPIB接口；VisualBasic语言；自动检定；串口通讯
中图分类号：TB942；TP273.+5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0032-03
Application and development of auto-verifying system for industrial platinum resistance
ZHANG Ping
（Metrology and Testing Center of China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621900，China）
Abstract: The hardware and software design processes of the auto-verifying system for industrial platinum resistance were described in this article. The functions and working principle of each component were introduced too. All of those were aimed to improve accuracy and efficiency of virification， analyze and compute in real-time. The auto-verifying system for the industrial platinum resistance was designed with computer technology. And its applications and system operating processes were interpreted roundly through describing the actual verification process of industrial platinum resistance. Additional， this system was with advanced design， rational structure， full functional software and friendly and beautiful interface. It also has a series of prominent features such as value traceable， strong anti-jamming capability， and so on.
Key words: Industrial platinum resistance； GPIB； VisualBasic； Auto-verifying； Serial communication
10. 治疗水平剂量计校准因子不确定度评定的探讨
黄 扬， 张圆月， 宿 红， 赵景荣， 胡 静
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：依据直接比较法检定治疗水平剂量计照射量校准因子和测量不确定度评定的黑箱模型原理，对X、γ射线照射量校准因子的数学模型进行了深入的分析，给出定义更加明确，逻辑更加严密，表达更加合理的数学模型。从影响量与其修正因子二者的标准不确定度之间的关系入手，解决了输入量可能为0，但输出量又需要用相对方差合成的方式，进而需要评定输入量的修正因子的相对标准不确定度的问题。
关键词：校准因子；黑箱模型；影响量；修正因子；系统效应；随机效应；相对标准不确定度；相对合成方差
中图分类号：TH774；TM930.115 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0035-04
In-depth study of calibration factor uncertainty evaluation of dosimeter for radiotherapy
HUANG Yang， ZHANG Yuan-yue， SU Hong， ZHAO Jing-rong， HU Jing
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: According to the direct comparison method of verifying exposure calibration factor of dosimeter for radiotherapy and the principle of black box model for measurement uncertainty evaluation， the mathematical model of the calibration factor was further studied for the X-ray and the gamma-ray. The new model had clearer definition， more rigorous logic and more rational mathematical expression. Starting from the standard uncertainty relationship between influence value and its correction factor， the problem of evaluating the relative standard uncertainty of the correction factor of input quantity is resolved while the input value may be zero when the output quantity needed the relative combined variance.
Key words: Calibration factor； Black box model； Influence value； Correction factor； Systematic effect； Random effect； Relative standard uncertainty； Relative combined variance
11. 医用60Co治疗机吸收剂量测量不确定度分析
周迎春， 李名兆
（深圳市计量质量检测研究院，广东 深圳 518055）
摘 要：针对原IAEA 1987年版和IAEA 1986年版TRS.277中吸收剂量测量的不确定度评定与实际相差过大，不能满足临床应用时5.0%（k=2）要求的状况，依据IAEA 1996年第二版和1998年第二版的TRS.277号报告，参考TRS.398、TRS.381及其他相关技术资料，对医用60Co远距离治疗辐射源吸收剂量测量不确定度进行新的分析及评定，得到约为3.0%（k=2）的吸收剂量测量不确定度。实验结果表明，分析合理，其结果符合实际情况，满足临床应用要求。
关键词：TRS.277；60Co远距离治疗机；有效测量点；吸收剂量；测量不确定度
中图分类号：TH774；TM930.115 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0039-05
Measurement uncertainty evaluation of absorbed dose for 60Co teletherapy equipment
ZHOU Ying-chun， LI Ming-zhao
（Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection，Shenzhen 518055，China）
Abstract: In the IAEA TRS.277 version 1987 and 1986， the absorbed dose measurement uncertainty evaluation is of great difference from the actually situation， and can not meet the clinical requirement of 5.0%（k=2）. The measurement uncertainty of absorbed dose for 60Co teletherapy equipment was re-analyzed and re-evaluated according to the TRS.277 2nd edition（both 1996 2nd edition and 1996 2nd edition）， referring to the TRS.398 and TRS.381 and other correlative data. The obtained uncertainty of dose measurement was about 3.0%（k=2）. The experimential results indicate that the analysis and evaluation in our work is reasonable， and the uncertainty complies with the actual situation， and matches the clinical requirement.
Key words: TRS.277； 60Co teletherapy equipment； Effective measuring point； Absorbed dose； Measurement uncertainty
12. 论监督抽样数量n的“合理需要”
叶永和
（温州市质量技术监督检测院，浙江 温州 325001）
摘 要：针对《产品质量法》第十五条规定“检验抽取样品的数量不得超过检验的合理需要”进行了讨论，并分析各级产品质量监督管理部门开展产品质量监督工作中存在对“合理需要”理解偏差的种种现象，指出由此出现诸多不科学、不公正的质量监督抽样检验行为。文章分析与论证了当前存在几种理解“合理需要”来确定抽样数量n所造成的后果，以及监督抽样数量n与质量监督工作的关系，同时指出怎样正确理解“合理需要”，如何确定监督抽样数量n。
关键词：监督；抽样数量n；检验；抽样方案；质量水平；合理需要
中图分类号：T65；TM930.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0044-05
Reasonable requirement of audit sampling quantity n
YE Yong-he
（Wenzhou Institute of Calibration and Testing for Quality and Technical Supervision，Wenzhou 325001，China）
Abstract: In item 15 of Products Quality Law， there is a regulation that is the quantity of sampling for inspection should not exceed reasonable requirement for testing. This article discussed and analyzed the situations of different understandings of reasonable requirement in products quality supervision of all levels of Products Quality Supervision Executive Branches and pointed out many unscientific and unfair quality audit sampling activities. The article analyzed and demonstrated the consequences caused by the ways of determining sampling quantity n by several existed different understandings of reasonable requirement， and the relationship between audit sampling quantity n and quality supervision and finally， pointed out how to understand reasonable requirement and how to determine audit sampling quantity n.
Key words: Audit； Sampling quantity n； Inspection； Sampling plan； Quality level； Reasonable requirement
13. 基于组件的车载信息平台开发
温海松， 秦树人
（重庆大学测试中心，重庆 400044）
摘 要：基于组件（COM）的软件开发与面向过程的软件开发大不一样，与纯面向对象的软件开发比较起来，仍有一些不同之处。把组件方法和虚拟仪器软件开发结合起来，就形成了一种全新的虚拟仪器开发模式——基于组件的虚拟仪器开发模式。文中首先介绍组件技术的基本思想和特性，以及基于组件规范的ActiveX控件技术，然后对于表盘控件进行了详细描述，最后，用这些组件组装成一台具有车载信息平台功能的虚拟仪器。结果证明，应用组件后，不但仪器软件开发效率得到了提高，其可靠性也较之以前有了一定程度的提升。
关键词：组件（COM）；虚拟仪器；ActiveX控件；车载信息平台
中图分类号：U462.5；TP311 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0049-03
Development on onboard information display platform based on COM
WEN Hai-song， QIN Shu-ren
（Test Center，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China）
Abstract: This thesis analyzed the present condition of component-based VI technique， studied the interface technique of component and designed some components which have changeable coordinates， changeable colors and changeable interfaces， such as digital meter， dial panel. In addition， the author developed Onboard Information Display Platform with component.
Key words: Component； VI； ActiveX control； Onboard Information platform
14. 一种基于信息流模型的故障隔离方法
陈圣俭1， 王 栋1，2， 丁岩松1
（1.装甲兵工程学院控制工程系，北京 100072；2.中国航天员科研训练中心，北京 100094）
摘 要：为了实现快速地故障隔离，提出了一种基于信息流模型和测试划分的故障隔离方法。首先计算出非多余测试，在信息流模型中，具有相同激励的测试可以同时被执行，并按此对测试进行分组。在故障隔离过程中，按各组能检测出的故障出现概率的大小来决定测试顺序。实验表明，该方法最大程度地减小了测试时间，同时兼顾考虑了故障出现的概率和最少测试硬件增加。
关键词：信息流模型；测试性设计；故障隔离；非多余测试；划分
中图分类号：TP311.1；TP277 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0052-03
Fault isolation method based on information flow model
CHEN Sheng-jian1， WANG dong1，2， DING Yan-song1
（1.Department of Control Engineering，Armored forces Engineering University，Beijing 100072，China；
2.Center of Astronaut Scientific Research and Training of China，Beijing 100094，China）
Abstract: An algorithm based on information flow model and test partition was proposed to achieve fast fault isolation strategy. Firstly， non-excess tests should be computed. In the information flow model， different tests could be grouped according to their stimulant， because tests with the same stimulant could be carried out at the same time. The sequence of tests could be decided by the probability of fault conclusion detected by these test groups in the course of fault isolation. Experimental results indicated that with this algorithm， test time could be decreased as much as possible. At the same time， the fault probability and the minimal test hardware had been taken into consideration.
Key words: Information flow model; Testability design; Fault isolation; Non-excess test; Partition
15. 基于CORBA-DCOM的分布式测试系统开发策略
肖蓉川， 肖继学， 陈守强
（西华大学机械工程与自动化学院，四川 成都 610039）
摘 要：为充分利用目前两种主流中间件技术CORBA、DCOM的各自优势，用以构建高性能分布式测试系统，探讨了CORBA、DCOM的特点，研究了它们在分布式测试系统中的应用，提出了基于CORBA-DCOM的测试系统分布式开发策略，探索出了一种经济、实用的方法解决了这种策略所面临的关键技术即CORBA、DCOM的桥接问题。
关键词：CORBA；DCOM；分布式；测试；系统
中图分类号：TP273+.3；TP311.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0055-04
Exploitation strategy of distributed measurement system based on CORBA-DCOM
XIAO Rong-chuan， XIAO Ji-xue， CHEN Shou-qiang
（School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation， Xihua University，Chengdu 610039，China）
Abstract: CORBA and DCOM are two main kinds of middleware technology. In order to take full advantages of their merits， a high performance distributed measurement system was constructed. The characteristics of CORBA and DCOM were discussed， and their applications in distributed measurement system were researched. Then， an exploitation strategy of distributed measurement system based on CORBA-DCOM is provided and one kind of economic and practical way was explored to bridge CORBA and DCOM， which was the core technique that must be settled in the strategy application.
Key words: CORBA； DCOM； Distributed； Measurement； System
16. 双频涡流检测中微弱信号的二维信息提取
冯婷婷1，2， 罗飞路1， 何赟泽1
（1.国防科学技术大学，湖南 长沙 410073；2.海军电磁兼容研究检测中心，上海 200235）
摘 要：为了实现双频涡流无损检测中的有用信号提取，将正交矢量型锁相放大器应用于无损涡流检测。依据涡流检测的阻抗分析原理，利用移相技术和相关检测的算法实现了在双频涡流检测中对微弱信号的幅值、相位二维信息的提取和不同频率信号的分离。这种方法有效的抑制了噪声，实现了双频涡流检测的阻抗正交分解，实验表明，该方法稳定性和精度较好，对其他涡流检测也有借鉴作用。
关键词：双频涡流；阻抗分析；相敏检波（PSD）；矢量测量；正交向量
中图分类号：TP274.2；TG115.28 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0059-03
Getting planar information of weak signal in dual-frequency eddy current NDT
FENG Ting-ting1，2， LUO Fei-lu1， HE Yun-ze1
（1.National University of Defense and Technology，Changsha 410073，China；
2.Center of Research and Measurement for EMC of Navy，Shanghai 200235，China）
Abstract: In order to realize getting useful signals, the orthogonal vector LIA（Lock-in Amplifier） was applied in dual-frequency eddy current NDT（non destructive testing）. According to the theory of impedance analysis， the planar information about amplitude and phase of weak signal was achieved and the separation of different frequency signals was realized in dual-frequency eddy current NDT with phase shift and cross correlation algorithm. It pressed noise effectively and got the two orthogonal vectors of impedance. The experimental results indicate that this method has good stability and precision， it also can be regarded as reference for some other eddy current NDT.
Key words: Dual-frequency eddy current； Impedance analysis； Phase sensitive detection； Vector measuring； Orthogonal vectors
17. 风廓线雷达数字中频系统的设计
张福贵1，2， 师奕兵1
（1.电子科技大学自动化学院，四川 成都 610054；2.成都信息工程学院电子工程系，四川 成都 610225）
摘 要：风廓线雷达是用于大气风场探测的无线电遥感系统。随着雷达技术的发展,新兴芯片的不断应用,越来越多的雷达开始采用数字接收机，在基于中频采样技术的数字中频接收系统中，如何实现较大的系统瞬时动态范围是系统设计中的一个重要问题。该文对数字中频系统包含中频采样、数字下变频、IQ数据处理及全相参定时信号产生等设计，更换该系统后的雷达整体性能有了显著的提高。实践表明，它是一种很有发展前景的测风设备。
关键词：风廓线雷达；数字下变频；全相参定时器；高动态范围；时域平均
中图分类号：TP79；TK89 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0062-03
Design of wind profiler radar digital IF system
ZHANG Fu-gui1，2， SHI Yi-bing1
（1.College of Automation Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China；
2.Department of Electronic Engineering，Chengdu University of Information Technology，Chengdu 610225，China）
Abstract: Wind profiler radar is a radio remote-sensing sounding system for detecting the atmosphere wind， which is proved to be an attractive and future wind-measurement instrument. Along with the development of radar technology， the new chip applications， a growing number of radars began using digital IF receiver. In digital IF receiver based on IF sampling technology， one important issue of system design is how to realize wide instantaneous dynamic range. And it describes in details the design process of the IF sampling， digital down converter， IQ data processing and entire phase coherent signal generator modules involved in the system. After adopting digitally， the radar’s overall performance has been improved notablely.
Key words: Wind profile radar； Digital IF； Coherent timing generator； Large dynamic range； Time domain average
18. 在DDS中波形存储表设计的实现方法
王巧兰1， 丁志宇2
（1.仰恩大学计算机与信息学院，福建 泉州 362014；2.重庆大学测试中心，重庆 400044）
摘 要：基于FPGA器件的DDS设计实现中的一个核心部分就是波形存储表的设计。首先采用LPM_ROM和VHDL选择语句这两种方法进行波形存储表的设计和比较分析；然后考虑到硬件资源的有限性及DDS的精度要求，对这两种方法的程序进行了优化；最后对这两种方法设计的程序进行仿真和硬件调试。结果表明：采用这两种方法都能有效地实现DDS中波形存储表的设计。
关键词：DDS技术；波形存储表；LPM_ROM；VHDL；优化
中图分类号：TM935.2；TP311.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0065-04
Design of waveform ROM in DDS
WANG Qiao-lan1， DING Zhi-yu2
（1.College of Computer and Information，Yang-en University，Quanzhou 362014，China；
2.Test Center，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China）
Abstract: The key part of DDS based on FPGA is the design of waveform ROM. Firstly， the waveform ROM was designed with LPM_ROM and SELECT sentence methods respectively， and the difference between them was compared. Then， the programs of these two methods were optimized to improve the accuracy of the output signal according to the limitations of the hardware. Finally， the program designed with these two methods was applied to the design of DDS. The result indicates that both of them can design the waveform ROM in DDS effectively.
Key words: DDS； Waveform ROM； LPM_ROM； VHDL； Optimize
19. 嵌入式操作系统VxWorks下LXI网络通信的开发
宋志坚， 林建辉， 孟劲松
（西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：LXI（LAN eXtension for Instrument）技术是计算机技术、网络技术与仪器技术的有机结合，因此网络通信部分是其必然的组成部分。利用VxWorks这种优秀的嵌入式实时操作系统所集成的TCP/IP网络工具，针对LXI虚拟仪器的开发应用，讨论了采用VxWorks和双缓冲队列实现LXI网络无阻塞通信的方法，并通过工程实践证明了该方法达到了设计要求。
关键词：LXI技术；VxWorks系统；网络通信；套接字；客户端/服务器
中图分类号：TN915.02；TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0069-03
Development of LXI network communication with embedded operating system VxWorks
SONG Zhi-jian， LIN Jian-hui， MENG Jin-song
（National Key Laboratory of Traction Power，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: LXI（LAN eXtension for Instrument） is the organic combination of computer technology， LAN technology and instrument technology， and the network communication is its necessary part. VxWorks is an excellent embedded real-time operating system， which integrates TCP/IP network implement. A method to realize the LXI non-blocking network communication with VxWorks and multi-buffering queues was discussed for the development and applications of the LXI virtual instrument. The practice indicated that this method had fulfilled the design demands.
Key words: LXI； VxWorks； Network communication； Socket； C/S
20. Tigersharc’s linkport红外图象数据通信的设计与实现
王经纬1， 杨华军1， 刘 怡2， 黄自力3
（1．电子科技大学物理电子学院，四川 成都 610054；2．电子科技大学自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610054；
3．西南技术物理研究所，四川 成都 610041）
摘 要：DSP+FPGA是一种高端数字信号处理的架构。Tigersharc’s linkport是通过DMA方式控制的，不占用DSP的内核计算时间而且能减轻数据总线的负担，并且Linkport具有高速传数速率，完全满足实时图象处理的要求。基于Altera公司的Stratixii系列的EP2S60型FPGA与ADI公司的Tigersharc系列的TS201型DSP的Linkport进行图象数据通信,设计已经成功地应用于某图象处理器中。
关键词：DSP+FPGA架构；TS201器件；Stratixii芯片；链路口;红外图象
中图分类号：TP311.52；TP751 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0072-04
Design and implement of infrared image data communication based on tigersharc’s linkport
WANG Jing-wei1， YANG Hua-jun1， LIU Yi2， HUANG Zi-li3
（1.College of Physics-Electronic，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China；
2.College of Automation Engineering，University of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China；
3.Southwest Institute of Technology and Physics，Chengdu 610041，China）
Abstract: “DSP + FPGA” is one kind of high- end digital signal processing frame. Tigersharc’s linkport was controlled by DMA mode， which did not spend the calculation time of DSP core and could lighten the burden of data bus. Furthermore， Linkport had high speed for number transmission and satisfied with the requirements of real time image processing successfully. Image data communication in this design was based on FPGA， EP2S60 type belonged to stratixii series of Altera Company and linkport， DSP type belonged to Tigersharc series（TS201） of ADI company. And this design has been applied to certain image processor successfully.
Key words: DSP+FPGA； TS201； Stratixii； Linkport； Infrared image
21. 基于聚类分析的车牌字符识别方法与应用
黄文杰
（淮阴工学院交通工程系，江苏 淮安 223003）
摘 要：在车牌字符识别的实际应用中，只采用改进的BP神经网络算法不能彻底改变其固有的算法缺陷。因此，重点阐述采用聚类分析与神经网络的方法分别对车牌中汉字和英文字母及阿拉伯数字进行识别，以加快车牌的识别速度，以适应高速公路收费系统即时、准确的要求。实验结果表明，对数字与字母的识别率为97.0%，对汉字的识别率为90.1%，识别时间小于3 s，既兼顾了BP神经网络识别的稳定性，又考虑到高速公路收费的实时性需要。
关键词：归一化；特征提取；聚类分析；神经网络；字符识别
中图分类号：TP274；TP391.41 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0076-05
Method and application of license plate recognition base on cluster analysis
HUANG Wen-jie
（Department of Transportation Engineering，Huiyin Institute of Technology，Huai’an 223003，China）
Abstract: In the application of license plate recognition， the inherent defaults of the improved BP neural network algorithm couldn’t be overcome thoroughly when it was only used. Thus， the Chinese characters and the English letters plus the numbers should be recognized separately with the methods of the cluster analysis and neural network independently， which would accelerate the speed of the license plate recognition in order to satisfy the demands of immediacy and accuracy in the system of expressway toll-collection. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracies of letters and numbers were 97.0%， that of Chinese characters was 90.1%， and the time for recognizing each license plate was less than 3 s. This method utilized the stability of the recognition algorithm of BP Neural Network， and took the real-time need of expressway toll into consideration at the same time.
Key words: Normalization； Extracting characteristic； Cluster analysis； Neural network； Character recognition
22. 基于Wiener模型的非线性预测控制研究
赵 红
（山东省胜利职业学院，山东 东营 257097）
摘 要：针对复杂的非线性预测控制问题，提出了一种基于Wiener模型的非线性预测控制方法。通过引入非线性部分的广义回归网络逆模型，将非线性预测控制转化为线性预测控制，用线性优化算法解决非线性预测控制问题，避免了复杂的非线性优化。该方法具有良好的控制效果，算法简单且易于实现。两个仿真实例也表明了该方法的有效性。
关键词：非线性；预测控制；Wiener模型；广义回归网络；逆模型
中图分类号：O224；TP273.+1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0081-03
Nonlinear predictive control based on Wiener model
ZHAO Hong
（Shandong Shengli Vocational College，Dongying 257097，China）
Abstract： In order to solve the complex nonlinear predictive control problem， one nonlinear predictive control strategy based on Wiener model was developed. The nonlinear control problem is converted into linear control problem through introducing the generalized regression neural network inverse model into the nonlinearity， so that nonlinear optimization can be avoided because in this case only linear optimization is needed. This method has good control effect and its algorithm is simple and easy to realize. Two simulation results also confirmed its efficiency.
Key words： Nonlinear； Predictive control； Wiener model； Generalized regression neural network； Inverse model
23. 可燃易爆有害气体报警器自动检定装置的研制
李祖斌1， 姜建伟2， 文 峰3
（1.中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021；2.山西潞安矿业集团公司测试中心，山西 长治 046204；
3.中国石化西南油气分公司元坝应急救援中心，四川 广元 638400）
摘 要：目前用于可燃易爆有害气体检测报警器的检定装置及方法都很简单，主要由标气瓶－减压器－流量计组成，而且只实用于直接声光报警的便携式报警器。而固定式检测报警器，还没有专门的检定装置。可燃易爆有害气体检测报警器自动检定装置的成功研制较好地解决这一问题。装置包括标准气体流量控制系统和传感器电参量检测系统。实现了标准气体流量的自动控制，固定式检测报警器输出信号电流、电压、频率等电参量的自动检测，检定原始记录、检定证书的自动打印。
关键词：有害气体检测报警器；电磁气动阀；多参数；多通道
中图分类号：X830.5；TP277 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0084-04
Development of automatic verification instrument for flammable and explosive gas detection alarm
LI Zhu-bin1， JIANG Jian-wei2， WEN Feng3
（1.National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China；
2.Test Center of Shanxi Lu'an Mining Industry Group，Changzhi 046204，China；
3.Emergency Center for Southwest Petroleum Natural Gas Branch of Sinopec Cropration，Guangyuan 638400，China）
Abstract: At present， the instrument and the method for verifying flammable and explosive gas detection alarm is very simple. Generally， the instrument is composed of the gaseous reference material cylinder， the pressure regulator and the flow-meter. Also， the instrument and method were only suitable for those portable acousto-optic alarms. Meanwhile， there is no specialized verification instrument for sensor alarms. In order to solve those problems， one automatic verification instrument for flammable and explosive gas detection alarm is developed successfully. This instrument is composed of flow control system for gaseous reference material and electric parameter detecting system for sensor. It can control the flow of the gaseous reference material automatically， detect those electric parameters given by the sensor alarm automatically including current， voltage， frequency， etc. and print the original record and the certificate of verification automatically.
Key words: Harmful gas detection alarm； Electromagnetic aero-valve； Multi-parameter； Multi-Channel
24. 智能压阻压力传感器的设计
陈延奎
（达州职业技术学院信息工程系，四川 达州 635000）
摘 要：为克服传统压阻压力传感器的不足，设计出一种智能型压阻压力传感器。根据智能传感器的系统组成和应用范围，在充分考虑各元器件之间连接的参数配合的基础上，选择实用性好，可靠性高，成本低的元器件组成整个测量系统，该系统在89C51单片机的控制和处理下，同时具备温度和压力参数的自动测量、放大、A/D转换和结果显示，而且具有自检、自动补偿和现场通讯等功能。
关键词：ICS1220压力传感器；AD590温度传感器；89C51单片机；AD1674转换器；硬件电路；程序
中图分类号：TP212；TM934.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0088-04
Design of intelligent resistance pressure sensors
CHEN Yan-kui
（Department of Information Engineering，Dazhou Vocational Technical College，Dazhou 635000，China）
Abstract: A intelligent resistance pressure sensor was designed to overcome the shortages of the traditional ones. According to the constitutions of this intelligent sensor and its application coverage， those parts with good-application， high-reliability and low-cost were chosen to constitute this sensor on the basis of full consideration of the linkage among every part. The whole testing system were controlled and processed by 89C51 single-chip microcomputer， it could measure temperature and pressure automatically and simultaneously， it also could amplify signals， convert analog signals to digital ones， display results automatically. Furthermore， it could self-check， auto-compensate and spot communicate.
Key words: ICS1220 pressure sensor； AD590 temperature sensor； 89C51 single-chip microcomputer； AD1674 converter； Hardware circuit； Program
25. 机械振动测量虚拟仪器的设计
戴 新， 孙 骅， 欧嘉洁
（广州大学机械与电气工程学院，广东 广州 510006）
摘 要：机械振动参数测量中信号变化频率高、数据处理工作量大、频谱分析所涉及的数学运算复杂，采用模拟式仪器很难达到测试要求，而数字式仪器又具有价格昂贵、功能不够灵活的缺点，针对以上特点，以LabVIEW为开发环境设计了虚拟式机械振动测试和分析系统，系统采用普通的PC机和数据采集卡，利用计算机强大的数据处理能力实现测量数据的波形显示、存储和打印等功能。实验结果表明，系统的结构简单、稳定性好，功能灵活、运算可靠。
关键词：振动测试；虚拟仪器；LabVIEW软件；频谱分析；信号处理；数据采集
中图分类号：TH825；TP311 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0092-04
Virtual instrument design for mechanical vibration measurement
DAI Xin， SUN Hua， OU Jia-jie
（School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering，Guangzhou University，Guangzhou 510006，China）
Abstract： In the measurements of mechanical vibration parameters， the signals vary fast， the data quantity is big， and the calculation in frequency analyzing is complicated. Thus it is difficult to meet the test requirements with analogical instruments. Meanwhile， the digital instruments are very expensive and inflexible. In order to solve those practical problems， a virtual system for mechanical vibration measurement and analysis is developed with LabVIEW platform. The common PC and data acquisition card were used in this system， and the test result displaying， memorizing and printing were easily realized with the strong data processing capability of computers. The experimental results indicate that this system is simple， stable， flexible and reliable.
Key words： Vibration test； Virtual instrument； LabVIEW； Frequency analysis； Signal processing; Data acquisition
26. 用正交实验法选择气相色谱的最佳条件
夏广济， 刘富强， 卜林刚
（陕西省水生动物防疫中心，陕西 渭南 714000）
摘 要：气相色谱测试时的仪器参数较多，有载气、氢气、空气的流量以及柱温、进样温度、检测器温度、负高压等因素，这些因素均能影响色谱峰的出峰时间、峰的高度、峰面积等。运用正交实验方法，通过很少的几次实验，经过统计分析，可以从中找到较为理想的实验参数，得到理想的图谱及测试结果。实验表明,该方法操作简单，效果明显，具有很好的实用价值。
关键词：气相色谱；正交实验；最佳条件；统计分析
中图分类号：TH833；TP273.+1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0096-03
Finding ideal experimental parameters of gas chromatography through orthogonal experiments
XIA Guang-ji， LIU Fu-qiang， PU Lin-gang
（Shanxi Aquatic Animal Quarantine Center，Weinan 714000，China）
Abstract： The gas chromatography analysis has many different apparatus parameters. Such as carrier gas， hydrogen， air flow and retention， sample temperature， detector temperature， high pressure and negative factors， which could affect the chromatographic peak of peak time，peak height and peak area. Using orthogonal approach experiments， through several experiments， using statistical analysis， ideal experimental parameters， desired pattern and the test results could be found. The results show that the method has advantages of simply operating， evident effect and good practicality.
Key words： Gas chromatography； Orthogonal experiment； Ideal experimental parameters； Statistical analysis
27. 利尿类中药中四种微量元素的测定
陈学军1， 陈小军2， 王秀峰2
（1．绵阳医科学校，四川 绵阳 621000；2.绵阳师范学院化学与化学工程系，四川 绵阳 621000）
摘 要：为了测定利尿类中药的微量元素的含量，找出微量元素的含量与利尿治疗的关系，对海金砂、茯苓、冬瓜皮、猪苓、石韦、泽泻、木通等利尿类中药采用湿法消解，并用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定了锌、铁、铜和锰等4种微量元素含量。探讨利尿类中药中微量元素含量之间的关系，并对结果进行了准确度和精密度测定。本方法简单,精密度高,加标回收率在82.00%～112.0%之间，RSD＜1.3%,结果令人满意。
关键词：利尿类中药；火焰原子吸收分光光度法；微量元素；湿法消解；测定
中图分类号：R696；TQ460.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0099-02
Determination of four trace elements in Chinese medicines for inducing diuresis
CHEN Xue-jun1， CHEN Xiao-jun2， WANG Xiu-feng2
（1.Mianyang Medical School，Mianyang 621000，China；
2.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Mianyang Normal University，Mianyang 621000，China）
Abstract: In order to determine the contents of trace elements in Chinese medicines for inducing diuresis， and to find out the relationship between trace elements and diuretic effects， lygodium， poria， white gourd peel， polyporus， folium pyrrosiae， rhizoma alismatis， mutong and other Chinese medicines for inducing diuresis were prepared by wet digestion. Then the contents of Zn， Fe， Cu， and Mn in those medicines were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The relationships between these trace elements in Chinese medicines for inducing diuresis were studied， and the accuracy and precision of the measurement results were studied too. The results indicate this method has the advantages of simplicity， high sensitivity and good accuracy. The recovery with standard addition is between 82.00 %~112.0 %， RSD＜1.3 %， and the results are satisfactory.
Key words: Chinese medicines for inducing diuresis； Flame atomic absorption spectrometry； Trace elements； Wet digestion； Determination
28. 低噪声阵列声波测井信号调理电路设计
杨海萍1， 师奕兵1， 张 伟1， 刘西恩2
（1．电子科技大学自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610054；2．中国油田服务股份有限公司技术中心，北京 101149）
摘 要：针对阵列声波测井仪高温、高噪声的作业环境，采用模拟滤波、低噪声设计和优化的布局布线等技术设计阵列声波信号调理电路，以实现波形模式选择、程控增益放大、可选频带带通滤波等功能。为抑制高频噪声干扰以及降低电路自身的噪声影响，着重分析和设计了低噪声前置预放大电路和可选频带带通滤波器。实践表明，该调理电路噪声小，有较强的噪声抑制能力，通道间波形一致性较好，能在高温环境下稳定可靠地工作。
关键词：阵列声波测井；信号调理；低噪声设计；带通滤波； 预放大电路
中图分类号：TE135；TB52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0101-05
Low noise signal conditional circuit design for array acoustic well logging
YANG Hai-ping1， SHI Yi-bing1， ZHANG Wei1， LIU Xi-en2
（1.School of Automation Engineering，Unirersity of Electronic Science and Technology，Chengdu 610054，China；
2.Technical Center of China Oilfield Services Co. Ltd，Beijing 101149，China）
Abstract： In order to make array acoustic well logging tool fit for operating in noisy environment and at high temperature， signal conditional circuit， which was primarily applied to select wave modes and control the signal gain by programs and attenuate noises through band-pass filters with alternative bandwidths， were designed with some technical skills such as analog filtering， low noise electronic design and optimal layout. It put emphasis on analyzing and designing the pre-amplifying circuit located forward and the band-pass filters， aiming at suppressing interferences from high frequency noises and decreasing noises generated itself. Experiments have showed that this conditional circuit with low noise， strong ability of suppressing noises and good consistency between signals from different channels， and it could operate stably and reliably at high temperature.
Key words： Array acoustic logging; Signal conditional circuits; Low noise electronic design; Band-pass filtering; Pre-amplifying circuit
29. 基于单片机控制的超声换能器频率跟踪
彭焕荣， 黄永锋
（成都理工大学应用核技术与自动化工程学院，四川 成都 610051）
摘 要：根据超声波压电换能器在谐振状态下工作电流最大的特点，针对因负载变化或扰动导致超声压电换能器工作频率偏离固有频率的问题，设计了由单片机组成的A/D转换器及其输入输出电路组成的共振频率单闭环跟踪系统。在软件的支持下，改变单片机输出给超声功率电源的PWM波的频率，使A/D转换采集到换能器的负载电流的分流值达到最大，从而保证了超声换能器工作在最佳谐振状态。该文对设计方案的硬件和软件部分作了较为详细的分析，并给出部分硬件原理图。设计方案应用在超声乳化装置上时，实测误差低于0.5%。
关键词：跟踪；换能器；谐振
中图分类号：TP368.1；TB552 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0106-03
Control frequency-tracking of ultrasonic transducer with single-chip microcomputer
PENG Huan-rong， HUANG Yong-feng
（College of Applied Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering，
Chengdu University of Technology，Chengdu 610051，China）
Abstract： With the feature of the greatest current in the state of resonance for piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer， a method has been proposed to solve the problem of frequency derivation caused by load changes or disturbances in this kind of transducer. And a single closed-loop system for tracking the resonance frequency has been designed， which was composed by A/D converters with single chip microprocessors and relating input/output circuit. In order to make the ultrasonic transducer work in the best state of resonance， a way to change the PWM frequency has been suggested to make sure the A/D converter acquired the maximum current value， and this current value is a segregate current for the transducer loads. The detailed analyses of the design including the hardware and the software， and the some hardware schematics have been described. And when this method was used in ultrasonic emulsification device， the measurement error has been less than 0.5%.
Key words： Tracking； Transducer； Resonance
30. 海洋钻机井架承载能力安全评价方法
付春艳1,2， 李 淼2， 万 夫1,2， 庄 稼1， 田建军2
（1.西南石油大学，四川 成都 610500；2.四川石油管理局安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉 618300）
摘 要：海洋平台钻机井架由于承受较复杂的动态载荷，其承载能力的安全性评价对解决钻井过程中的井下事故有指导性意义。动态应力应变法作为井架承载能力安全评价的一种科学、合理、全面的方法，动力放大系数的获得是该方法的关键之处。主要介绍了一种获得海洋钻机井架动力放大系数的试验系统，利用该系统采集的信号，通过计算获得在役井架的动力放大系数，从而为海洋钻机井架的承载能力的计算提供了关键数据。
关键词：海洋钻机井架；动力放大系数；承载能力
中图分类号：TP277；TE52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0109-03
Safety assessment for derrick loading capacity of offshore drilling rigs
FU Chun-yan1，2， LI Miao2， WAN Fu1，2， ZHUANG Jia1， TIAN Jian-jun2
（1.Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；
2.Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Sichuan
Petroleum，Guanghan 618300，China）
Abstract： The method using dynamic stress-strain to evaluate the derrick loading capacity safety of offshore drilling rigs is scientific， reasonable and general because the derrick bears complex dynamic loads. This safety assessment is instructive for solving the problems in the well during drilling， and it is the key point for this assessment to acquire the dynamic amplificatory coefficient of derricks. This article elaborated an experimental system for acquiring this coefficient. The dynamic amplificatory coefficient of derricks in use can be acquired through collecting and calculating the signal of this system， so that it can provide the critical data for inspecting the loading capacity of offshore derricks.
Key words： Offshore derrick； Dynamic amplificatory coefficient； Loading capacity
31. 重气效应研究进展
何 莎1,2, 袁宗明1， 喻建胜1，2
（1.西南石油大学，四川 成都 610500；2.四川石油管理局安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉 618300）
摘 要：为了研究天然气泄漏后的重气效应，从易燃易爆有毒气体的重气扩散机理和研究方法出发，具体分析了重气云团的扩散过程，概述了国内外发展的模拟重气云团扩散的大量的数值模型和开展的大量实验，主要包括唯象模型、箱及相似模型、三维流体力学模型和浅层模型四大模型及其研究进展。最后提出了三维流体力学模型和现场数据采集相结合的方法是天然气重气效应未来的研究方向。
关键词：气体泄漏；重气效应；扩散过程；扩散模型；三维流体力学模型
中图分类号：TE642；TE646 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0112-03
Research progress in heavy gas effects
HE Sha1，2， YUAN Zong-ming1， YU Jian-sheng1，2
（1.Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；2.Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and
Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Sichuan Petroleum，Guanghan 618300，China）
Abstract： For studying the heavy gas effect in the accidental release of natural gas， the diffusion process of heavy gas clouds was analyzed according to the heavy gas diffusion mechanism and the research methods for inflammable and explosive toxic gas， large numbers of experiments and numerical models for simulating heavy gas clouds home and abroad were reviewed， including phenomenological model， box and similar model， three-dimensional hydrodynamic model and superficial model and their research progresses. At last， it was suggested that the future research interests for the heavy gas effect of natural gas should be the method combining three-dimensional hydrodynamic model with local data collection based on the above.
Key words： Gas leakage； Heavy gas effect； Diffusion process； Diffusion model； Three-dimensional hydrodynamic model
32. 声发射技术在防喷器检测中的应用
朱祥军1,2, 万 夫1, 许 星1, 李 萍1, 吴 怡3
（1.川庆钻探工程公司安全环保质量检验监督研究院，四川 广汉 618300；2.西南石油大学研究生院，四川 德阳 637001；
3.川庆钻探工程公司钻采工艺技术研究院，四川 德阳 618300）
摘 要：声发射技术是20世纪60年代开始，目前逐步成熟的一种无损检测方法，它已被广泛地应用到压力容器检测和结构的完整性评价方面。文中对声发射技术在防喷器检测中的应用进行了研究与概述，并利用声发射检测技术的优势，成功为大量的在用防喷器建立使用状况表，为防喷器的继续使用和维修提供依据，最后提出了目前急需解决的问题和发展趋势。
关键词：声发射；检测；综述；防喷器
中图分类号：TE19；TB51+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0115-04
Current state of acoustic emission technology for BOP test
ZHU Xiang-Jun1，2， WAN Fu1， XU Xing1， LI Ping1， WU Yi3
（1.Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing
Drilling and Exploration Corporation， 618300， China；
2.Graduate School of Southwest Petroleum University，637001，China；
3.Drilling and Production Technology Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling and
Exploration Corporation， 618300，China）
Abstract： Acoustic emission technique is a progressively mature non-destructive testing method， which was started in 1960s. AET (acoustic emission test) has been widely used in the pressure vessel testing and the structural integrity evaluation. The current state of AET technology for BOP testing in China was introduced in this article. At present， the service condition list has been successfully established for many BOPs in use with the advantages of acoustic emission testing technology， which provides the consult basis for the continuous using of BOPs and their maintenances. At last， some challenging problems and developing tendency were also described.
Key words： Acoustic emission； Test； Review； BOP
33. 钻杆的失效分析
刘 辉1，2， 付春艳1，2， 周咏琳1，2， 李 萍1， 刘晓嘉3
（1.西南石油大学，四川 成都 610500；2.四川石油管理局安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉 618300；
3.四川石油管理局质量安全环保部，四川 成都 610051）
摘 要：对某油井连续发生12次刺穿断裂事故进行了调查，用力学试验、化学分析、金相、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段并结合现场实际情况对刺穿钻杆进行了失效分析。结果表明，由空气钻井改用泥浆钻井时，由于只改变了钻井方式和钻头，未改变钻具组合而导致钻具与井壁之间的间隙过大，从而导致钻杆的疲劳断裂。
关键词：钻杆；失效分析；疲劳断裂；钻具组合
中图分类号：TE249；TP273+.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0119-03
Failure analyses of drilling pipes
LIU Hui1，2， FU Chun-yan1，2， ZHOU Yong-lin1，2， LI Ping2， LIU Xiao-jia3
（1.Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，China；
2.Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Sichuan
Petroleum，Guanghan 618300，China；
3.Quality Safety and Environment Department of CNPC Sichuan Petroleum，Guanghan 618300，China）
Abstract： The 12 continuous pier-cement fracture accidents were investigated， and failure analyses was conducted on pier-cement drilling pipes by means of mechanical analysis， chemical analysis， metallographic analysis， scanning electron microscopy (SEM)， energy spectrum analysis according to the local situation. The result indicates that the fatigue fracture of drilling pipes is caused by the over wide clearance between the drilling tool combination and the well wall， and the over wide clearance is formed if only the drilling mode and bit are changed but the drilling tool combination not changed in the course from air drilling to mud drilling.
Key words： Drilling pipe； Failure analysis； Fatigue fracture； Drilling tool combination
34. ZigBee技术在煤矿安全监测中的应用
张嘉怡1， 刘建文2， 伍川辉1
（1.西南交通大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610031；2.中科院成都计算机应用研究所，四川 成都 610041）
摘 要：提出了以ZigBee技术为基础组成无线传感器网络，并将其应用于煤矿井下环境的安全监测系统中。该系统用于监测煤矿工作环境的各项指标，收集必要信息，将有效信息传送到监测中心进行数据分析，从而对煤矿井下作业环境进行实时监测。实验结果表明，该无线传感器网络充分考虑了系统的需要，组成的安全监测系统运行良好，能达到预期要求。
关键词：无线传感器网络；ZigBee技术；网络拓扑；安全监测；信息安全
中图分类号：TP212.1；TD77+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0122-04
Apply ZigBee technology to inspect coal mine safety
ZHANG Jia-yi1， LIU Jian-wen2， WU Chuan-hui1
（1.College of Mechanical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China；
2.Chengdu Institute of Computer Application，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Chengdu 610041，China）
Abstract： One kind of wireless sensor network based on ZigBee technology was designed， and it was applied to inspect the environmental safety of coal mine. This system was used to monitor all indicators of coal operational environment， collect necessary information and transmit valid information to inspection center for data analyzing. Thus real-time monitoring of underground operational environment could be realized. The experimental results show that this wireless sensor network can satisfy coal mine safety inspection fully， the inspection system works well， and it can reach the requirements of expectation.
Key words： Wireless network； ZigBee； Network topology； Safety inspection； Information security
35. 基于模糊理论的室内环境舒适度监测系统研究
谢东坡， 秦华锋， 余成波
（重庆工学院远程测试与控制技术研究所，重庆 400050）
摘 要：针对温度、湿度等影响室内环境舒适度的主要因素，基于模糊理论完成了温度、湿度数值-符号转换以及舒适度合成，并介绍了其在LabVIEW环境下的实现。最后探讨了在考虑室外环境参数以及人的心情等主观因素的情况下，舒适度合成方法的改进思路。系统既可以实现对室内环境舒适度的实时监测，又可以为室内舒适度控制提供依据。
关键词：模糊理论；舒适度；LabVIEW软件；模糊子集；隶属函数
中图分类号：O232；X602 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0126-03
Research of monitoring system for indoor comfort degree based on fuzzy theory
XIE Dong-po， QIN Hua-feng， YU Cheng-bo
（Institute of Remote Testing and Control Technology，Chongqing College of Technology，Chongqing 400050，China）
Abstract： Temperature and humidity are key factors affecting indoor environment’s comfort degree. Based on fuzzy theory， temperature and humidity were transformed from numerical values to symbols and comfort degree was integrated and realized by LabVIEW. In the final part， new methods were discussed on consideration of the outdoor environment and human’s emotion. The system could monitor the real-time comfort degree and provide a base for the control of comfort degree.
Key words： Fuzzy theory； Comfort degree； LabVIEW； Fuzzy set； Membership function
36. 冲击测试中峰值拟合方式的比较与仿真
喻志英1， 李 铮2
（1.重庆医科大学附属第一医院，重庆 400016；2.成都铁路分局医院，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：冲击信号的准确测量研究有着非常重要的意义，而峰值就是冲击测量中最为重要的参数。众所周知，在测量的数模转换过程中，必然伴随有一部分信号损失，尤其是峰值损失较大。因此，有必要选择合适的拟合方式来提高冲击测量的精度。采用LabWindows/CVI对冲击测试中多种峰值拟合的方式进行了比较与分析，提出了若干建议，并通过仿真予以验证。
关键词：冲击；测试；峰值；峰值检测误差；峰值拟合；仿真
中图分类号：TM935.22；O242.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0129-03
Comparison and simulation of matching methods in shocking peak value test
YU Zhi-ying1， LI Zheng2
（1.The First Affiliated Hospital，Chongqing Medical University，Chongqing 400016，China；
2.Chengdu Railway Branch Hospital，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: In the modern technique and industry， there are many complicated shock phenomena. It is significant to measure the shock signal accurately，and peak value is the most important parameter in shock test. In A/D conversion， a part of shock signal especially peak value would be lost. So it is necessary to select a suitable matching method to improve the accuracy of shock test. The authors have compared and analyzed different peak value matching by using LabWindows/CVI， and given some beneficial advices，which was examined by simulation.
Key words: Shock; Test; Peak value; Deviation in peak value test; Peak value matching; Simulation
37. 基于数字锁相的应变放大测量
向 锷， 陈建政， 任 愈
（西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：为解决数据采集现场噪声大，布线安装困难的情况，将数字锁相应用于高精度的应变放大测量中。由于锁相放大在干扰较大的应用现场是最易于实现高精度检测的方法之一，因此在模拟锁相的基础上推出对应变桥路的数字锁相放大检测原理，并根据此原理利用AD8231放大器和C8051F061单片机设计了一个实用的数字锁相测量系统，该系统的分辨率和精度大为提高，有效地降低了现场测试中干扰与布线的难度。
关键词：应变测量；模拟锁相放大；数字锁相；单片机；交流调制
中图分类号：TM935.27；TM934.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0132-03
Strain amplifying measurement based on digital lock-in
XIANG E， CHEN Jian-zheng， REN Yu
（Traction Power State Key Laboratory，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: To solve noise interference in data acquisition， the authors applied the theory of digital lock-in amplifying to strain measurement and design a high accuracy strain measuring system. Lock-in amplifying was one of the easiest methods to implement high precision detecting in the environment with severe interference. The paper introduced the detecting principle of the digital lock-in amplifier of stressing bridge based on the theory of analog lock-in amplify and designing of a practical digital lock-in measuring system using amplifier AD8231 and SCM C8051F061， finally gave out the detail of hardware structure.
Key words: Stress measuring； Analog lock-in amplify； Digital lock-in； SCM； AC modulate
38. 燃煤粉电站锅炉效率在线监测模型研究
马博群, 黎 华， 张振顶
（广州市特种承压设备检测研究院，广东 广州 510050）
摘 要：针对目前我国燃煤粉电站锅炉不能实时监测锅炉效率的不足，根据能量守恒原理提出了燃煤粉电站锅炉效率在线监测模型。通过电站DAS系统对电站锅炉效率计算模型所需的数据进行数据采集，把采集到的相关数据输入到模型中进行计算就可以实现电站锅炉运行效率的在线监测。对某台220t/h燃煤粉电站锅炉的实际测试表明，该模型可以实现对电站锅炉运行效率进行在线监测，在此基础上可以优化电站锅炉的运行或者进行针对性的技术改造，进而达到提高锅炉运行效率的目的。
关键词：电站锅炉；锅炉效率；在线监测；优化运行；反平衡算法
中图分类号：TE81；TM930.114 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1672-4984（2008）04-0135-04
Research of on-line efficiency monitering model for pulverized-coal fired boilers in power stations
MA Bo-qun， LI hua， ZHANG Zhen-ding
（Guangzhou inspection institute of special pressure equipments，Guangzhou 510050，China）
Abstract： According to the conversation of energy， the on-line efficiency monitoring model of pulverized-coal fired boilers in power stations was proposed to solve the present problem that the real-time efficiency monitoring of them is insufficient in our country. The necessary data for the efficiency monitoring model were collected by the DAS acquisition system of the station and the on-line efficiency monitoring of the power station can be realized through calculating those date with the model after inputting. This model was applied to one 220 t/h pulverized-coal fired boiler to test its property and the results indicate that it can be used in real-time efficiency monitoring for power station boilers. Thus， with this model the efficiency of boilers can be improved through optimizing boilers’ operation or carrying out some technology improvements aiming directly at certain problems.
Key words： Power station b
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